Figure 6
From: Early prediction of macrocrack location in concrete, rocks and other granular composite materials
(Color online) Early prediction of the final crack path \({\mathcal {C}}\) by the energy, force and residual bottlenecks. Results from Step 3 for sample D2. Summary of crack path predictions (red-blue interface) for the eight fracture criteria and their maximum error in the pre-peak and post-peak softening regimes (to aid visual, an artificial separation shows \({\mathcal {C}}\)). Representative stages shown are stage 1 when the system spanning force chain network is first established and the final stage of loading. Criterion 8 starts at stage 15 as there are no broken bonds until then.
