Figure 7
From: Early prediction of macrocrack location in concrete, rocks and other granular composite materials
(Color online) Early prediction of the final fracture surface \({\mathcal {C}}\) by the energy, force and residual bottlenecks. Results from Step 3 for the 3D sample D3: (a) Evolution of the error of the prediction. (b) 3D-view of the sample with broken contacts (grains with broken contacts are colored red). Location of failure (here artificial separation is introduced to aid visual effects). (c–f) 3D surface view of the bottleneck at stage 2 and the final stage 50.
