Table 5 The inputs and outputs, NEV and NER (GJ ha−1) of the different rice production treatments in Maubin, Myanmar.

From: Assessment of post-harvest losses and carbon footprint in intensive lowland rice production in Myanmar

Parameters

Wet season

Dry season

IPR

FP

IPR

FP

Harvesting energy inputs

Labor (h ha−1)

170.4

141.4

3.0

251.3

Diesel (L ha−1)

12.7

7.2

36.0

12.9

Drying energy inputs

Labor (h t−1)

2.5

14.0

2.5

14.0

Electric power (kWh t−1)

1.3

0.0

1.3

0.0

Rice husk (kg t−1)

37.5

0.0

37.5

0.0

Storage energy inputs

Labor (h t−1)

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Milling energy inputs

Labor (h t−1)

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Electric power (kWh t−1)

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

Inputs (GJ ha−1)

16.88 (4.00)

14.33 (4.00)

28.29 (4.00)

21.23 (4.00)

Cultivation

12.00 (4.00)

12.00 (4.00)

16.00 (4.00)

16.00 (4.00)

Harvest and post-harvest operation (including machine production)

4.88

2.33

12.29

5.23

Outputs (GJ ha−1)

34.44 (4.31)

27.95 (6.58)

73.88 (5.23)

68.75 (3.65)

Rice product (whole grains)

17.46 (2.38)

7.20 (2.54)

46.09 (2.32)

38.97 (0.79)

Discolored and broken rice

4.14 (0.66)

7.38 (2.72)

3.14 (0.47)

4.68 (0.40)

Bran

3.53 (0.35)

4.56 (0.45)

6.79 (0.70)

7.70 (0.76)

Husk

4.24 (0.42)

3.74 (0.37)

8.84 (0.87)

8.38 (0.81)

Straw

5.07 (0.50)

5.07 (0.50)

9.01 (0.88)

9.01 (0.88)

NEV (GJ ha−1)

17.56 (8.31)

13.62 (10.58)

45.58 (9.23)

47.52 (7.65)

NER

2.04 (1.08)

1.95 (1.65)

2.61 (1.31)

3.23 (0.91)

  1. Numbers in parentheses is the standard deviation.
  2. IPR improved post-harvest practice, FP farmer practice.