Table 3 Characteristics of included studies in the third aim.
Author Study design | Method of measuring AHD and types of interventions | Population type | Population characteristics (Age: Mean ± SD years unless denoted) | Results (Mean ± SD mm) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Third aim | |||||
Akkaya et al.59 Randomised control and single blinded study | US Experimental group: Weighted pendulum exercise Control group: Unweighted exercises (4 weeks, 3 times daily) | General | Experimental group: n = 18 (6 males) Age: 42.9 ± 8.5 Pain duration: 7.2 ± 4.3 months Control group: n = 16 (5 males) Age: 40.4 ± 9.4 Pain duration: 6.6 ± 4.1 months | Experimental group: AHD in 0° shoulder abduction: Pre:11.20 ± 2.30 Post: 11.10 ± 2.00 p = 0.887 AHD in 30° shoulder abduction: Pre: 10.50 ± 1.90 Post: 10.60 ± 1.90 p = 0.257 AHD in 60° shoulder abduction: Pre: 10.30 ± 1.90 Post: 10.50 ± 2.20 p = 0.571 | Experimental group: SPADI: Pre: 62.0 ± 21.5 Post: 32.4 ± 18.7 p = 0.001* VAS rest: Pre: 2.4 ± 2.1 Post: 0.9 ± 1.2 p = 0.006* |
Belley et al.60 Triple-blind randomised control trial | US Experimental group: Rehab program focused on sensorimotor training with a-tDCS treatment Control group: Rehab program focused on sensorimotor training with sham a-tDCS treatment (6 weeks, 8 treatments with home exercises | General | Experimental group: n = 20 (11 males) Age: 44 ± 11.0 Pain duration: Not reported Control group: n = 20 (11 males) Age: 47 ± 9.0 Pain duration: Not reported | Experimental group: AHD in 0° shoulder abduction: Pre: 10.80 ± 1.70 Post: 11.00 ± 1.40 p > 0.05 AHD in 45° shoulder abduction: Pre: 8.90 ± 1.40 Post: 9.50 ± 1.50 p < 0.05* AHD in 60° shoulder abduction: Pre: 8.60 ± 1.40 Post: 9.30 ± 1.50 p < 0.05* | Experimental group: DASH: Pre: 33.0 ± 13.6 Post: 9.5 ± 9.6 p < 0.05* WORC(%): Pre: 53.8 ± 18.1 Post: 89.7 ± 12.5 p < 0.05* |
Boudreau et al.61 single blinded prospective RCT | US Experimental: EMG-based co-activation of serratus anterior, trapezius, pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles during rotator cuff strengthening program Control: EMG-based rotator cuff strengthening program with no co-activation of serratus anterior, trapezius, pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi (6 weeks, 7 days/wk) | General | Experimental group: n = 21 (12 males) Age: 50.2 ± 10.9 Pain duration: 44.2 ± 52.9 months Control group: n = 21 (8 males) Age: 49.6 ± 13.2 Pain duration: 41.8 ± 40.5 months | Experimental group AHD in 0° shoulder abduction: Pre: 10.8 ± 2.1 Post: 11.5 ± 2.7 p = 0.56 AHD in 30° shoulder abduction: Pre: 10.4 ± 2.3 Post: 10.6 ± 2.4 p = 0.44 AHD in 60° shoulder abduction: Pre: 9.5 ± 2.7 Post: 9.8 ± 2.4 p = 0.75 | Experimental group: DASH: Pre: 32.2 ± 15.4 Post: 27.8 ± 18.7 p > 0.211 WORC(%): Pre: 51.6 ± 18.5 Post: 65.7 ± 25.8 p < 0.001* VAS movement: Pre: 71.1 ± 17.3 Post: 56.1 ± 29.6 p < 0.001* |
Desmeules et al.32 Pre-post treatment clinical trial, single group design | US Experimental group: Rehabilitation program involving education, ice, stretching, elastic band exercise for the rotator cuff, postural exercise, Maitland mobilisations, ST and GH control exercises Control group: None (4 weeks, 12 sessions) | General | Experimental group: n = 7 (gender not reported) Age: 44 ± 3.8 Pain duration: 4–24 weeks | Correlation between the maximum change in AHD from shoulder abduction 0–60° with change in WORC%: r = 0.84 p = 0.01* | |
Dupuis et al.62 Parallel group RCT | US Experimental group: Isometric rotator cuff exercises cryotherapy Control group: rest, ice, advice to avoid pain (2 weeks) | General | Experimental group: n = 20 (13 males) Age: 33 ± 7 Pain duration: 27 ± 9 days Control group: n = 23 (11 males) Age: 43 ± 13 Pain duration: 25 ± 7 days | Experimental group: AHD in 0° shoulder abduction: Pre:10 ± 2 Post: 10 ± 1 p > 0.11 AHD in 45° shoulder abduction: Pre: 8 ± 2 Post: 8 ± 2 p > 0.11 AHD in 60° shoulder abduction: Pre: 7 ± 2 Post: 7 ± 2 p > 0.11 | Experimental group: DASH: Pre: 29.3 ± 12.6 Post: 16.3 ± 11.3 p < 0.05 WORC(%): Pre: 55.7 ± 21.0 Post: 80.6 ± 17.1 p < 0.05 |
Savoie et al.29 Single group prospective | US Experimental group: Rehabilitation program involving movement training, manual therapy, strengthening and stretching exercises, and patient education Control group: None (6 weeks) | General | Experimental group: n = 25 (15 males) Age: 42.6 ± 11.5 Pain duration: 99.3 ± 141.3 weeks | Experimental group: AHD in 0° shoulder abduction: Pre: 9.9 ± 2.0 Post: 10.4 ± 1.7 p > 0.05 AHD in 45° shoulder abduction: Pre: 7.9 ± 2.2 Post: 8.8 ± 1.6 p < 0.05* AHD in 60° shoulder abduction: Pre: 7.5 ± 2.1 Post: 8.2 ± 1.7 p < 0.05* | Change in pain or disability in the experimental group: DASH: 17.1 ± 12.4, p < 0.001* WORC(%): -30.1 ± 14.0, p < 0.001* |
