Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for total calories, physical activity, and EQ-5D values according to spirometric patterns.

From: Impact of the severity of restrictive spirometric pattern on nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life: results from a nationally representative database

  

Normal spirometry (n = 20,742)

Mild-to-moderate RSP (n = 2758)

Severe RSP (n = 115)

Total calories, kcal

Overall

Univariable

Reference

− 65.6 (− 112.8 to − 18.3)

− 340.3 (− 491.3 to − 189.3)

Multivariable

Reference

− 56.6 (− 101.9 to − 11.4)

− 286.7 (− 431.7 to − 141.6)

Male

Univariable

Reference

− 163.1(− 240.6 to − 85.5)

− 568.2 (− 778.6 to − 357.9)

Multivariable

Reference

− 103.4 (− 184.3 to − 22.5)

− 348.3 (− 554.6 to − 142.1)

Female

Univariable

Reference

− 53.1 (− 94.8 to − 11.4)

− 225.5 (− 397.7 to − 53.2)

Multivariable

Reference

− 3.5 (− 45.6 to 38.6)

− 156.6 (− 349.6 to 36.4)

 

PInteraction

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

High-intensity physical activity

Overall

Univariable

Reference

0.84 (0.71 to 0.99)

0.36 (0.14 to 0.95)

Multivariable

Reference

0.90 (0.75 to 1.08)

0.45 (0.17 to 1.21)

Male

Univariable

Reference

0.88 (0.69 to 1.12)

0.09 (0.01 to 0.67)

Multivariable

Reference

0.92 (0.72 to 1.19)

0.12 (0.02 to 0.88)

Female

Univariable

Reference

0.74 (0.57 to 0.96)

0.85 (0.27 to 2.71)

Multivariable

Reference

0.83 (0.64 to 1.08)

1.07 (0.32 to 3.66)

 

PInteraction

0.290

0.019

EQ-5D values < 0.9

Overall

Univariable

Reference

1.64 (1.46 to 1.84)

3.43 (2.20 to 5.33)

Multivariable

Reference

1.26 (1.10 to 1.43)

1.96 (1.22 to 3.17)

Male

Univariable

Reference

2.27 (1.88 to 2.76)

7.07 (3.93 to 12.72)

Multivariable

Reference

1.68 (1.36 to 2.07)

3.49 (1.89 to 6.41)

Female

Univariable

Reference

1.54 (1.34 to 1.76)

2.27 (1.15 to 4.49)

Multivariable

Reference

1.07 (0.91 to 1.26)

1.13 (0.60 to 2.12)

 

PInteraction

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  1. Values are presented as coefficient (95% confidence interval) in total calories and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in high-intensity physical activity and EQ-5D values. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for age (≥ 65 years versus < 65 years), sex, smoking status (never smokers versus current- or ex-smokers), BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 versus 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 versus BMI < 18 kg/m2), education level (high school or less versus college or above), family income (upper half versus lower half), and the number of comorbidities (one or less versus two or more). P for interaction (PInteraction) was obtained from likelihood ratio tests for interaction with normal spirometry/mild-to-moderate RSP/severe RSP and sex.
  2. RSP restrictive spirometric pattern, EQ-5D EuroQoL five-dimensions questionnaire, BMI body mass index.
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