Table 2 Comparisons between patients with acute cardiac injury (ACI) and those without ACI.

From: Factors associated with acute cardiac injury and their effects on mortality in patients with COVID-19

Variables

All patients (n = 1031)

Severe patients (n = 501)*

ACI

(n = 215)

Non-ACI

(n = 816)

P value

ACI

(n = 189)

Non-ACI

(n = 312)

P value

Demographics

Age, median (IQR)-yr

70 (62–77)

61 (49–68)

< 0.001

70 (62–77)

64 (54–71)

< 0.001

Male

119 (55.3)

419 (51.3)

0.282

112 (59.3)

185 (59.3)

1.000

Major comorbidities

Hypertension

111 (51.6)

272 (33.3)

< 0.001

99 (52.4)

138 (44.2)

0.080

Diabetes mellitus

55 (25.6)

134 (16.4)

0.003

50 (26.5)

73(23.4)

0.455

CHD

32 (14.9)

51 (6.3)

< 0.001

27 (14.3)

28 (9.0)

0.077

COPD

20 (9.3)

19 (2.3)

< 0.001

19 (10.1)

14 (4.5)

0.024

Vital signs at admission

Heart rate (bpm)

90 (80–104)

89 (80–102)

0.396

91 (80–106)

90 (80–104)

0.546

Oximeter oxygen saturation, %

90 (80–93)

96 (93–98)

< 0.001

90 (83–93)

93 (90–96)

< 0.001

Systolic pressure (mmHg)

135 (122–149)

130 (119–142)

0.002

136 (123–150)

130 (119–144)

0.017

Laboratory findings

Leukocyte count (× 109/L)

7.8 (5.4–11.5)

5.6 (4.4–7.0)

< 0.001

8.0 (5.9–12.4)

6.0 (4.7–8.0)

< 0.001

Lymphocyte (× 109/L)

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

1.2 (0.8–1.6)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

28 (19–43)

22 (14–38)

< 0.001

28 (18–43)

25 (15–40)

0.131

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

77.1 (56.1–91.3)

94.4 (82.3–104.4)

< 0.001

76.1 (51.6–91.4)

91.2 (80.0–103.3)

< 0.001

LDH (U/L)

420.0 (275.0–588.5)

246.0 (196.5–320.0)

< 0.001

460.0 (307.0–613.0)

303.0 (227.0–402.0)

< 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/L)

72.5 (35.5–126.2)

12.7 (2.0–55.7)

< 0.001

78 (42.9–139.5)

42.8 (8.4–96.9)

< 0.001

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

761.0 (296.0–1548.8)

81.4 (31.0–214.0)

< 0.001

815 (302–1654)

157 (56–350)

< 0.001

IL-6 (pg/L)

59.4 (18.9–176.5)

4.8 (1.9–18.8)

< 0.001

49.6 (18.5–137.4)

7.98 (2.2–29.2)

< 0.001

Treatments

Antibiotics

201 (93.5)

569 (69.7)

< 0.001

179 (94.7)

241 (77.2)

< 0.001

Antiviral treatment

176 (81.9)

726 (88.9)

0.014

151 (79.9)

292 (93.6)

< 0.001

Corticosteroids

156 (72.6)

226 (27.7)

< 0.001

146 (77.2)

135 (43.3)

< 0.001

Intravenous immunoglobin

110 (51.2)

177 (21.7)

< 0.001

102 (54.0)

88 (28.2)

< 0.001

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

135 (62.8)

56 (6.9)

< 0.001

135 (71.4)

55 (17.6)

< 0.001

Invasive mechanical ventilation

78 (36.3)

14 (1.7)

< 0.001

78 (41.3)

14 (4.5)

< 0.001

Outcomes

Mortality

131 (60.9)

34 (4.2)

< 0.001

131 (69.3)

34 (10.9)

< 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%), where appropriate unless specifically indicated.
  2. *For analysis purpose, severe and critically ill types of COVID-19 were defined as “severe” type in the present study.
  3. ACI, acute cardiac injury; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IL-6, interleukin-6.
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