Table 1 Comparison of the SSAs (photonic crystals, metamaterials, and cermet).
From: Blackbody-cavity ideal absorbers for solar energy harvesting
Materialsa | Substratea | Fabrication methodsa | Thermal stability | Solar absorptivity | Thermal emissivity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meta-materialsb | SiO\(_2\) filled 2D W nanohole + SiO\(_2\) spacer29 | W | PECVD+RIE in air | 3 h 1000 \(^\circ \)C | 0.9 | 0.23 (800 \(^\circ \)C) |
2D Ti gratings + MgF\(_2\) spacer7 | W | e-beam evaporation+e-beam lithography | 350 \(^\circ \)C in air | 0.9 | 0.2(25 \(^\circ \)C) | |
Ti triangular nanodisks +Al\(_2\)O\(_3\) spacer9 | Ta | e-beam lithography | 5 h 727 \(^\circ \)C in air | 0.91 | 0.24 (1000 \(^\circ \)C) | |
Cermet-basedb | Cr (inclusions) + Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\) (matrix)30 | SS | Sputtering | 300 \(^\circ \)C | 0.92 | 0.08 (121 \(^\circ \)C) |
Ni (inclusions) + Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\) (matrix)31 | Fused quartz | Evaporation | 500 \(^\circ \)C in air | 0.94 | 0.1 | |
W (inclusions) + AlN (matrix)32 | Glass | Sputtering | 500 \(^\circ \)C in vacuum | 0.939 | 0.039 (27 \(^\circ \)C) | |
Ni (inclusions) + SiO\(_2\) (matrix)33 | Quartz | Evaporation | 500 \(^\circ \)C in vacuum | 0.9 | 0.07 (100 \(^\circ \)C) | |
BISAsc | Metal/superalloy | − | Machining/casting + polishing | – | \(\sim \) 1 | \(\sim \) 1 |
