Figure 1
The trajectories of SARS-COV-2 antibodies. (A–D) Peak levels of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits (A) S1, (B) S2, (C) its receptor binding domain (RBD) and (D) nucleocapsid protein (NC). Antibody levels are shown as fold changes (FC) over the average of healthy control samples, and the levels exceeding the arbitrary cutoff (+ 2SD of the average of negative controls) are shown as positive. (E) The time of the seroconversion of antibodies to S1, S2, RBD and N proteins in days since the start of the symptoms to the cutoff level. The seroconversion of RBD specific antibodies occurs first (median = 12, 0.25 quantile = 10, 0.75 quantile 13) compared to anti-S1 (15, 13.25–17), anti-S2 (13, 10–16) and anti-N (13 (11–15). (F) The seroconversion of antibodies between ICU and non-ICU groups. (G) Accumulated trajectory of individual antibody levels to four antigens plotted over the duration of the disease in ICU and non-ICU groups. The thresholds are shown as dashed black line. The antibody levels are shown as fold changes (FC) as in panels A-D. (H) Spearman’s correlations matrix between anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the plasma microneutralization (MN) values. (I) Microneutralization results between the 1st and 2nd timepoint measured in 11 ICU patients. (J) A correlation between RBD-specific IgG and IgA levels. (K) Peak levels of IgA antibodies to RBD in ICU and non-ICU patients. (L) The time in days of the seroconversion of RBD IgA antibodies since the start of the symptoms to the cutoff level in ICU and non-ICU patients. (M) The trajectory of ICU and non-ICU individual IgA RBD antibody levels plotted over the duration of the disease. The antibody levels in panels K and M are shown as fold changes (FC) as in panels A-D.
