Table 1 Performance, ink properties and pre-annealing conditions for published spin-coated aprotic molecular inks with DMSO.
Performance | Pre-annealing conditions | Ink properties | References | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additives | PCE (%) | Temp. (\(^{\circ }\)C) | Time (min) | Atm. | Mixing time | Salts | ||||
CZTS | –/Na | 3.05/4.53 | 320 | – | Air | \(\hbox {CuCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_2\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\) | ||
– | 1.9 | 350 | 1 | Air | Hours | \(\hbox {Cu(OAc)}_{2}\times \hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
CZTSSe | – | 13.6a,b | 420 | 2 | \(\hbox {N}_2\) | CuCl | \(\hbox {Zn(OAc)}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{4}\) | ||
–/Li | 8.7/11.8a | 540 | 2 | \(\hbox {N}_2\) | Overnight | \(\hbox {Cu(OAc)}_{2}\times \hbox{H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
–/Li | <6/11.5 | 320 | 1 | Air | \(\hbox {CuCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | |||
–/Li | 9.1/10.7a | 500 | 1.5 | \(\hbox {N}_2\) | Overnight | \(\hbox {Cu(OAc)}_{2}\times \hbox{H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
– | 10.0 | 420 | 1.5 | \(\hbox {N}_2\) | Overnight | CuCl | \(\hbox {Zn(OAc)}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{4}\times 5\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
\(\hbox {H}_2\)O | 9.3 | 350 | Quick | \(\hbox {N}_2\) | 3 h | \(\hbox {Cu(OAc)}_{2}\times \hbox{H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {Zn(OAc)}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\) | ||
DMF | 8.6 | 300 | 2 | Air | 3 h | \(\hbox {Cu(NO}_{3})_{2}\times 3\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {Zn(OAc)}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
\(\hbox {H}_3\hbox {BO}_3\) | 7.3 | 540 | 5 | Ar | 24 h | \(\hbox {Cu(OAc)}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {ZnCl}_{2}\) | \(\hbox {SnCl}_{2}\times 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) | ||
