Table 1 Distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Malaysian adult population (n = 1458).
From: Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population
Characteristics | n (%) | Hepatitis B surface antigen, n (%) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Equivocal | Positive | |||
Total | 1458 (100) | 1401 (96) | 4 (0) | 53 (4) | |
[95–97] | [0.1–0.5] | [3–5] | |||
Year of recruitment | |||||
2007 | 28 (2) | 27 (96) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0.939 |
2008 | 161 (11) | 155 (96) | 1 (1) | 5 (3) | |
2009 | 273 (19) | 263 (96) | 1 (1) | 9 (3) | |
2010 | 308 (21) | 296 (96) | 0 (0) | 12 (4) | |
2011 | 351 (24) | 335 (95) | 2 (1) | 14 (4) | |
2012 | 337 (23) | 325 (96) | 0 (0) | 12 (4) | |
Age group | |||||
≤ 44 | 399 (27) | 386 (97) | 1 (0) | 12 (3) | 0.324 |
45–54 | 624 (43) | 603 (97) | 3 (0) | 18 (3) | |
55–64 | 415 (28) | 393 (95) | 0 (0) | 22 (5) | |
65–70 | 20 (1) | 19 (95) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 718 (49) | 680 (94) | 4 (1) | 34 (5) | 0.01* |
Female | 740 (51) | 721 (97) | 0 (0) | 19 (3) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Malay | 588 (40) | 574 (98) | 2 (0) | 12 (2) | < 0.001* |
Chinese | 513 (35) | 484 (94) | 2 (1) | 27 (5) | |
Indians | 180 (12) | 180 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Bumiputera Sabah | 93 (6) | 83 (89) | 0 (0) | 10 (11) | |
Bumiputera Sarawak | 53 (4) | 49 (92) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | |
Others | 31 (2) | 31 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 73 (5) | 71 (97) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.965 |
Married | 1300 (89) | 1246 (96) | 4 (0) | 50 (4) | |
Widow/widower | 62 (4) | 61 (98) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
Separated | 5 (1) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Divorced | 18 (1) | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Education level | |||||
No formal education | 25 (2) | 23 (92) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 0.533 |
Primary | 417 (29) | 397 (95) | 1 (0) | 19 (5) | |
Secondary | 742 (51) | 713 (96) | 2 (0) | 27 (4) | |
Tertiary | 274 (19) | 268 (98) | 1 (0) | 5 (2) | |
Occupation | |||||
Unemployed | 500 (34) | 481 (96) | 0 (0) | 19 (4) | 0.486 |
Non-government | 628 (43) | 601 (96) | 4 (0) | 23 (4) | |
Government | 248 (17) | 240 (97) | 0 (0) | 8 (3) | |
Self-employed | 82 (6) | 79 (96) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | |
Locality | |||||
Urban | 1035 (71) | 1001 (97) | 3 (0) | 31 (3) | 0.123 |
Rural | 423 (29) | 400 (95) | 1 (0) | 22 (5) | |
History of immunisation | |||||
No | 1198 (82) | 1147 (96) | 4 (0) | 47 (4) | 0.747 |
Hepatitis A | 41 (3) | 39 (95) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | |
Hepatitis B | 180 (12) | 177 (98) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B | 39 (3) | 38 (97) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
History of chronic hepatitis disease | |||||
Yes | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | < 0.001* |
No | 1456 (99) | 1401 (96) | 4 (0) | 51 (4) | |
Family history of chronic hepatitis | |||||
Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
No | 1458 (100) | 1401 (96) | 4 (0) | 53 (4) | |
History of surgery | |||||
Yes | 794(54) | 762 (96) | 2 (0) | 30 (4) | 0.936 |
No | 664 (46) | 639 (96) | 2 (0) | 23 (4) | |
History of blood transfusion | |||||
Yes | 117 (8) | 110 (94) | 0 (0) | 7 (6) | 0.311 |
No | 1341 (92) | 1291 (96) | 4 (0) | 46 (4) | |
