Table 3 Distribution of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in Malaysian adult population (n = 1458).
From: Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population
Characteristics | n (%) | Hepatitis B core antigen, n (%) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Equivocal | Positive | |||
Total | 1458 (100) | 1049 (72) | 119 (8) | 290 (20) | |
[68.9–74.3] | [6.8–9.5] | [17.6–21.9] | |||
Year of recruitment | |||||
2007 | 28 (2) | 21 (75) | 0 (0) | 7 (25) | 0.108 |
2008 | 161 (11) | 113 (70) | 10 (6) | 38 (24) | |
2009 | 273 (19) | 192 (70) | 26 (10) | 55 (20) | |
2010 | 308 (21) | 217 (70) | 30 (10) | 61 (20) | |
2011 | 351 (24) | 244 (70) | 26 (7) | 81 (23) | |
2012 | 337 (23) | 262 (78) | 27 (8) | 48 (14) | |
Age group | |||||
≤ 44 | 399 (27) | 325 (81) | 19 (5) | 55 (14) | < 0.001* |
45–54 | 624 (43) | 447 (72) | 51 (8) | 126 (20) | |
55–64 | 415 (28) | 267 (64) | 46 (11) | 102 (25) | |
65–70 | 20 (1) | 10 (50) | 3 (15) | 7 (35) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 718 (49) | 485 (68) | 65 (9) | 168 (23) | 0.001* |
Female | 740 (51) | 564 (76) | 54 (7) | 122 (17) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Malay | 588 (40) | 445 (77) | 49 (8) | 94 (16) | < 0.001* |
Chinese | 513 (35) | 343 (67) | 41 (8) | 129 (25) | |
Indians | 180 (12) | 167 (93) | 5 (3) | 8 (4) | |
Bumiputera Sabah | 93 (6) | 43 (46) | 9 (10) | 41 (44) | |
Bumiputera Sarawak | 53 (4) | 25 (47) | 12 (23) | 16 (30) | |
Others | 31 (2) | 26 (84) | 3 (10) | 2 (6) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 73 (5) | 59 (81) | 3 (4) | 11 (15) | 0.504 |
Married | 1300 (89) | 927 (71) | 112 (9) | 261 (20) | |
Widow/widower | 62 (4) | 45 (73) | 3 (5) | 14 (23) | |
Separated | 5 (0) | 3 (60) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | |
Divorced | 18 (1) | 15 (83) | 1 (6) | 2 (11) | |
Education level | |||||
No formal education | 25 (2) | 12 (48) | 3 (12) | 10 (40) | < 0.001* |
Primary | 417 (29) | 269 (65) | 45 (11) | 103 (25) | |
Secondary | 742 (51) | 558 (75) | 53 (7) | 131 (18) | |
Tertiary | 274 (19) | 210 (77) | 18 (7) | 46 (17) | |
Occupation | |||||
Unemployed | 500 (34) | 359 (72) | 42 (8) | 99 (20) | 0.328 |
Non-government | 628 (43) | 459 (73) | 42 (7) | 127 (20) | |
Government | 248 (17) | 177 (71) | 23 (9) | 48 (19) | |
Self-employed | 82 (6) | 54 (64) | 12 (15) | 16 (20) | |
Locality | |||||
Urban | 1035 (71) | 775 (75) | 66 (6) | 194 (19) | < 0.001* |
Rural | 423 (29) | 274 (65) | 53 (12) | 96 (23) | |
History of immunisation | |||||
No | 1198 (82) | 844 (70) | 103 (9) | 251 (21) | 0.052 |
Hepatitis A | 41 (3) | 30 (73) | 4 (10) | 7 (17) | |
Hepatitis B | 180 (12) | 139 (77) | 12 (7) | 29 (16) | |
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B | 39 (3) | 36 (92) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | |
History of chronic hepatitis disease | |||||
Yes | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0.018* |
No | 1456 (99) | 1049 (72) | 119 (8) | 288 (20) | |
Family history of hepatitis | |||||
Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
No | 1458 (100) | 1049 (72) | 119 (8) | 290 (20) | |
History of surgery | |||||
Yes | 794 (54) | 569 (72) | 68 (8) | 157 (20) | 0.828 |
No | 664 (46) | 480 (72) | 51 (8) | 133 (20) | |
History of blood transfusion | |||||
Yes | 117 (8) | 80 (68) | 10 (9) | 27 (23) | 0.638 |
No | 1341 (92) | 969 (72) | 109 (8) | 263 (20) | |
