Table 5 Distribution of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in Malaysian adult population (n = 1457).
From: Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population
Characteristics | n (%) | Hepatitis C virus, n (%) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Equivocal | Positive | |||
Total | 1458 (100) | 1452 (99) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) | |
[99.2–99.9] | [0.0–0.2] | [0.1–0.7] | |||
Year of recruitment | |||||
2007 | 28 (2) | 28 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.895 |
2008 | 161 (11) | 161 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
2009 | 273 (19) | 272 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
2010 | 308 (21) | 306 (100) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |
2011 | 351 (24) | 349 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | |
2012 | 337 (23) | 336 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
Age group | |||||
≤ 44 | 399 (27) | 398 (99) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.941 |
45–54 | 624 (43) | 621 (99) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | |
55–64 | 415 (28) | 413 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | |
65–70 | 20 (2) | 20 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 718 (49) | 714 (99) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 0.531 |
Female | 740 (51) | 738 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Malay | 588 (40) | 585 (99) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.51) | 0.334 |
Chinese | 513 (35) | 511 (100) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |
Indians | 180 (12) | 180 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Bumiputera Sabah | 93 (6) | 93 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Bumiputera Sarawak | 53 (4) | 53 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Others | 31 (2) | 30 (97) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 73(5) | 71 (97) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.106 |
Married | 1300 (89) | 1296 (99) | 1 (1) | 3 (0) | |
Widow/widower | 62 (4) | 62 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Separated | 5 (0) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Divorced | 18 (1) | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Education level | |||||
No formal education | 25 (2) | 25 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.966 |
Primary | 417 (29) | 415 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | |
Secondary | 742 (51) | 739 (99) | 1 (0) | 2 (2) | |
Tertiary | 274 (19) | 273 (99) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
Occupation | |||||
Unemployed | 500 (34) | 498 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0.666 |
Non-government | 628 (43) | 625 (99) | 1 (0) | 2 (1) | |
Government | 248 (17) | 248 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Self-employed | 82 (6) | 81 (99) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
Locality | |||||
Urban | 1035 (71) | 1033 (99) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0.091 |
Rural | 423 (29) | 419 (99) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | |
History of immunisation | |||||
No | 1198 (82.17) | 1193 (99.58) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (0.42) | 0.225 |
Hepatitis A | 41 (2.81) | 41 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Hepatitis B | 180 (12.35) | 179 (99.44) | 1 (0.56) | 0 (0.00) | |
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B | 39 (2.67) | 39 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
History of chronic hepatitis | |||||
Yes | 2 (1) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.996 |
No | 1456 (99) | 1450 (99) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) | |
Family history of chronic hepatitis | |||||
Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
No | 1458 (100) | 1452 (99) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) | |
History of surgery | |||||
Yes | 794 (54) | 788 (99) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) | 0.081 |
No | 664 (46) | 664 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
History of blood transfusion | |||||
Yes | 117 (8) | 116 (99) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.588 |
No | 1341 (92) | 1336 (99) | 1 (0) | 4 (1) | |
