Table 3 Hazard ratios (95% CI) for liver cancer mortality according to depressive symptoms by HBsAg positivity (n = 342,998).

From: Depressive symptoms and risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection: a cohort study

CES-D score category

Person-years

Number of events

Mortality rate (per 105 person-years)

Age-sex adjusted HR

(95% CI)

Multivariable-adjusted HR† (95% CI)

HR (95% CI) ‡ in model using time-dependent variables

Model 1

Model 2

Total

 < 16

1,613,583.7

44

2.7

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 ≥ 16

222,924.8

10

4.5

2.18 (1.09–4.36)

2.07 (1.03–4.18)

2.19 (1.08–4.42)

1.88 (0.90–3.93)

HBsAg (−)

 < 16

1,559,740.4

23

1.5

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 ≥ 16

216,366.8

3

1.4

1.22 (0.37–4.09)

1.11 (0.33–3.71)

1.08 (0.32–3.62)

0.91 (0.27–3.05)

HBsAg (+)

 < 16

53,843.2

21

39.0

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 ≥ 16

6,558.0

7

106.7

3.22 (1.36–7.67)

3.31 (1.37–7.97)

3.82 (1.57–9.25)

3.83 (1.47–9.98)

  1. HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 score, CES-D center for epidemiological studies-depression.
  2. Note: P = 0.097 for the overall interaction between HBsAg positivity and CES-D score category for liver-related mortality (multivariable model).
  3. †Estimated from Cox proportional hazard models using age as a timescale to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CIs). Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age (timescale), sex, center, year of screening exam, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, physical activity, BMI, education level, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of CVD, HBsAg positivity (only for total subjects) and family history of cancer; model 2: model 1 plus adjustment for medication for liver disease and FIB-4.
  4. ‡Estimated from Cox proportional hazard models with CES-D score category, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, total energy intake, BMI, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of CVD, medication for liver disease and FIB-4 as time-dependent categorical variables and baseline age, sex, center, year of screening exam, education level, and family history of cancer as time-fixed variables.
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