Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Entire population | Normal (N = 3182) | Preoperative myocardial injury (N = 694) | Postoperative myocardial injury (N = 756) | p value | SMD | IPW | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p value | SMD | |||||||
Demographic variables | ||||||||
Male sex | 2852 (61.6) | 1957 (61.5) | 411 (59.2) | 484 (64) | 0.17 | 6.6 | 0.27 | 7.6 |
Age, years | 65.6 (± 13.9) | 65.1 (± 12.8) | 66.7 (± 14.1) | 66.6 (± 13.2) | 8.1 | 0.08 | 6.4 | |
BMI | 23.6 (± 3.83) | 23.9 (± 3.8) | 22.8 (± 3.9) | 23.3 (± 4.0) | 19.5 | 0.51 | 4 | |
Previous history | ||||||||
Hypertension | 2464 (53.2) | 1665 (52.4) | 368 (53.0) | 430 (56.9) | 0.08 | 6.1 | 0.62 | 4 |
Diabetes | 1314 (28.4) | 836 (26.3) | 246 (35.4) | 232 (30.7) | < 0.001 | 13.3 | 0.76 | 2.5 |
Current smoking | 572 (12.4) | 410 (12.9) | 76 (11.0) | 86 (11.4) | 0.25 | 4 | 0.94 | 1.2 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 279 (6.0) | 156 (4.9) | 78 (11.2) | 45 (6.0) | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 2.3 | |
Coronary revascularization | 714 (15.4) | 417 (13.1) | 144 (20.7) | 153 (20.2) | < 0.001 | 13.7 | 0.36 | 4.3 |
Heart failure | 137 (3.0) | 53 (1.7) | 59 (8.5) | 25 (3.3) | < 0.001 | 21.4 | 0.06 | 7.7 |
Arrhythmia | 486 (10.5) | 285 (9.0) | 112 (16.1) | 89 (11.8) | < 0.001 | 14.6 | 0.33 | 4.1 |
Valve disease | 139 (3.0) | 77 (2.4) | 27 (3.9) | 35 (4.6) | 0.002 | 8 | 0.55 | 3.1 |
Stroke | 666 (14.4) | 410 (12.9) | 127 (18.3) | 129 (17.1) | < 0.001 | 10 | 0.81 | 1.8 |
Chronic kidney disease | 478 (10.3) | 185 (5.8) | 164 (23.6) | 129 (17.1) | < 0.001 | 34.7 | 0.34 | 4.7 |
Aortic disease | 289 (6.2) | 167 (5.2) | 38 (5.5) | 84 (11.1) | < 0.001 | 14.4 | 0.5 | 3.7 |
PAD | 434 (9.4) | 294 (9.2) | 75 (10.8) | 65 (8.6) | 0.32 | 5 | 0.46 | 5.7 |
PTE/DVT | 91 (2.0) | 64 (2.0) | 21 (3.0) | 6 (0.8) | 0.01 | 11.1 | 0.99 | 0.1 |
Cancer | 1017 (22.0) | 696 (21.9) | 163 (23.5) | 158 (20.9) | 0.48 | 4.2 | 0.29 | 6.8 |
Chronic lung disease | 597 (12.9) | 380 (11.9) | 119 (17.1) | 98 (13) | 0.001 | 9.9 | 0.26 | 6.2 |
Infectious disease | 2170 (46.9) | 1286 (40.4) | 521 (75.1) | 363 (48.0) | < 0.001 | 49.4 | 0.45 | 4.9 |
Preoperative medication | ||||||||
Beta blocker | 897 (19.4) | 563 (17.7) | 147 (21.2) | 187 (24.7) | < 0.001 | 11.5 | 0.42 | 4.7 |
RAAS inhibitor | 1281 (27.7) | 891 (28.0) | 180 (25.9) | 210 (27.8) | 0.54 | 3.1 | 0.52 | 5.4 |
Statin | 1214 (26.2) | 853 (26.8) | 143 (20.6) | 218 (28.8) | 0.001 | 12.8 | 0.82 | 2.3 |
Antiplatelet | 1469 (31.7) | 975 (30.6) | 222 (32.0) | 272 (36.0) | 0.02 | 7.6 | 0.84 | 1.5 |
Preoperative blood test | ||||||||
Hemoglobin | 11.9 (± 2.2) | 12.2 (± 2.1) | 10.7 (± 2.1) | 11.6 (± 2.2) | 46.6 | 0.67 | 3.4 | |
Creatinine | 1.27 (± 1.59) | 1.03 (± 1.19) | 2.05 (± 2.46) | 1.53 (± 1.79) | 36.7 | 0.6 | 2.8 | |
AST | 41.1 (± 144.5) | 30 (± 56) | 87 (± 291) | 44 (± 187) | 18 | 0.18 | 4.5 | |
ALT | 35.9 (± 122.4) | 3 (± 50) | 62 (± 200) | 39 (± 209) | 13.1 | 0.14 | 6.2 | |
Operative variables | ||||||||
ESC/ESA Risk | < 0.001 | 32 | 0.72 | 6.5 | ||||
High | 733 (15.8) | 460 (14.5) | 74 (10.7) | 199 (26.3) | ||||
Intermediate | 3409 (73.6) | 2396 (75.3) | 510 (73.5) | 503 (66.5) | ||||
Low | 490 (10.6) | 326 (10.2) | 110 (15.9) | 54 (7.1) | ||||
Operative duration, hours | 3.26 (± 2.61) | 3.12 (± 2.25) | 2.94 (± 2.99) | 4.15 (± 3.38) | 26.9 | 0.96 | 0.8 | |
General anesthesia | 4197 (90.6) | 2892 (90.9) | 620 (89.3) | 685 (90.6) | 0.45 | 3.5 | 0.15 | 8.2 |
Emergent operation | 1190 (25.7) | 650 (20.4) | 314 (45.2) | 226 (29.9) | < 0.001 | 36.3 | 0.25 | 5.2 |
Inotropic use | 1315 (28.4) | 637 (20.0) | 281 (40.5) | 397 (52.5) | < 0.001 | 47.3 | 0.63 | 3.3 |
Colloid use | 2324 (50.2) | 1488 (46.8) | 360 (51.9) | 476 (63.0) | < 0.001 | 21.9 | 0.43 | 4.8 |
RBC transfusion, pints | 0.78 (± 2.1) | 0.7 (± 0.6) | 0.9 (± 1.0) | 1.0 (± 1.0) | 24.2 | 0.97 | 0.8 | |
