Table 2 Pre-donation characteristics and differences between clusters.
All partici-pants (n = 60) | Cluster 1 (n = 43) | Cluster 2 (n = 17) | t/x2 | p | Univariate logistic regression p§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (sd)/n (%) | Mean (sd)/n (%) | Mean (sd)/n (%) | ||||
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||
Age (years) | 50.18 (11.73) | 51.41 (11.40) | 47.05 (12.31) | 1.306 | 0.197 | 0.191 |
Gender (female) | 36 (60.0%) | 25 (58.1%) | 11 (64.7%) | 0.219 | 0.640 | 0.638 |
Donor-recipient relationship (genetically related) | 32 (53.3%) | 24 (55.8%) | 8 (47.1%) | 0.375 | 0.540 | 0.541 |
Marital status | ||||||
Without partner (single, divorced, widowed) | 22 (36.7%) | 14 (32.6%) | 8 (47.1%) | 1.140 | 0.565 | 0.298 |
With partner | 38 (63.3%) | 29 (67.4%) | 9 (52.9%) | |||
Level of studies | ||||||
No academic, elementary | 19 (32.2%) | 13 (31.0%) | 6 (35.3%) | 0.104 | 0.747 | 0.748 |
Intermediate | 22 (37.3%) | 15 (35.7%) | 7 (41.2%) | 0.154 | 0.694 | 0.695 |
Upper studies | 18 (30.5%) | 14 (33.3%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.549 | 0.545† | 0.452 |
Psychometric instruments | ||||||
Quality of life | ||||||
Anamnestic comparative self-assessment, range − 5 (worst period) to 5 (best period) | 2.79 (1.74) | 2.59 (1.85) | 3.29 (1.33) | − 1.335 | 0.188 | 0.158 |
Item short form survey (SF-36), range 0–100¶ | ||||||
Physical functioning (PF) | 53.87 (5.45) | 55.09 (3.35) | 50.78 (8.12) | 2.119‡ | 0.048 | |
Role physical (RP) | 55.09 (3.01) | 55.02 (3.29) | 55.26 (2.21) | − 0.283 | 0.778 | |
Bodily pain (BP) | 58.43 (5.28) | 58.69 (4.59) | 57.78 (6.85) | 0.504‡ | 0.619 | |
General health (GH) | 56.28 (7.01) | 57.05 (6.34) | 54.32 (8.36) | 1.216‡ | 0.236 | |
Vitality (VT) | 58.00 (7.47) | 57.40 (7.81) | 59.54 (6.51) | − 0.999 | 0.322 | |
Social functioning (SF) | 54.90 (4.83) | 54.72(5.45) | 55.36 (2.77) | − 0.459 | 0.648 | |
Role emotional (RE) | 54.60 (3.64) | 54.37 (4.24) | 55.17 (1.04) | − 0.762 | 0.449 | |
Mental health (MH) | 55.48 (6.58) | 54.40 (6.94) | 58.21 (4.71) | − 2.078 | 0.042 | |
Mental health status | ||||||
Hospital anxiety and depression scale | ||||||
Anxiety scale, range 0–21 | 3.70 (2.84) | 3.91 (2.88) | 3.18 (2.74) | 0.892 | 0.376 | 0.358 |
Depression scale, range 0–21 | 1.75 (1.94) | 1.93 (2.04) | 1.29 (1.65) | 1.146 | 0.257 | 0.231 |
Coping strategies | ||||||
Optimism, life orientation test-revised (sum of items) range 6–30 | 23.90 (4.44) | 24.14 (4.58) | 23.29 (4.17) | 0.661 | 0.511 | 0.508 |
Sense of coherence, range 1–7 | 5.55 (0.94) | 5.56 (0.90) | 5.52 (1.07) | 0.146 | 0.885 | 0.882 |
Personality | ||||||
Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised-abbreviated | ||||||
Neuroticism scale, range 0–6 | 0.98 (1.20) | 1.00 (1.25) | 0.94 (1.06) | 0.177 | 0.860 | 0.857 |
Extraversion scale, range 0–6 | 4.10 (1.76) | 4.14 (1.78) | 4.00 (1.79) | 0.273 | 0.786 | 0.782 |
Psychoticism scale, range 0–6 | 1.41 (1.07) | 1.33 (1.11) | 1.63 (0.96) | − 0.956 | 0.343 | 0.334 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||
English longitudinal study of ageing range 1 (worst off) to 10 (best off) | ||||||
Socioeconomic status range 1 (worst off) to 10 (best off) | 6.31 (1.43) | 6.35 (1.42) | 6.20 (1.47) | 0.345 | 0.732 | 0.726 |
Ad hoc items | ||||||
Psychiatric history | ||||||
Have you ever seen a counselor, psychiatrist or psychologist? (yes) | 11 (18.6%) | 10 (23.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 2.223 | 0.259† | 0.104 |
Motivations/reasons for donation | ||||||
Personal responsibility and obligation (mean of items) range 1 (not relevant) to 5 (very important) | 2.07 (0.89) | 1.92 (0.77) | 2.47 (1.07) | − 2.081 | 0.043 | 0.046 |
Donors’ desire to stop their recipients’ suffering and/or save their lives (mean of items) range 1 (not relevant) to 5 (very important) | 3.40 (0.90) | 3.27 (0.87) | 3.87 (0.83) | − 2.313 | 0.025 | 0.022 |
Donors’ fears and concerns about donation’s own consequences and family and friends opinion (mean of items) range 1 (not relevant) to 5 (very important) | 1.33 (0.55) | 1.27 (0.46) | 1.47 (0.71) | − 1.229 | 0.224 | 0.236 |
Challenges involving the donation decision; including personal growth and financial implications (mean of items) Range 1 (not relevant) to 5 (very important) | 2.42 (0.99) | 2.33 (1.03) | 2.64 (0.86) | − 1.040 | 0.303 | 0.297 |
Decision making | ||||||
Necessity of some time to think over donation | ||||||
Strongly disagree/Disagree | 35 (60.3%) | 26 (63.4%) | 9 (52.9%) | 0.551 | 0.458 | 0.460 |
Agree/strongly agree | 23 (39.7%) | 15 (36.6%) | 8 (47.1%) | |||
Risk assessment | ||||||
Necessity of more information regarding the surgery and its risks (yes) | 6 (10.2%) | 2 (4.8%) | 4 (23.5%) | 4.667 | 0.097 | 0.041 |
Recipients’ characteristics | ||||||
Recipients’ socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||
Weight (Kg) | 77.64 (19.07) | 79.37 (20.33) | 73.09 (14.89) | 1.122 | 0.267 | 0.256 |
Recipient baseline | ||||||
African ancestry (yes) | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.453 | 0.497† | 0.521 |
Indication of transplantation | ||||||
Urological | 4 (6.9%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1.637 | 0.567† | |
Glomerulopathy | 17 (29.3%) | 14 (33.4%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1.189 | 0.347† | |
Nephroangioesclerosis | 7 (12.1%) | 4 (9.5%) | 3 (18.7%) | 0.929 | 0.381† | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 2 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 5.438 | 0.073† | |
Others | 8 (13.8%) | 6 (14.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.031 | 1.000† | |
Unknown | 12 (20.7%) | 10 (23.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.903 | 0.479† | |
Polycystic kidney disease | 8 (13.8%) | 4 (9.5%) | 4 (25.0%) | 2.334 | 0.198† | |
Registration in waiting list for deceased donor (yes) | 35 (60.4%) | 22 (53.7%) | 13 (76.5%) | 2.613 | 0.144† | 0.098 |
Dialysis before transplantation (yes) | 39 (67.2%) | 27 (65.9%) | 12 (70.6%) | 0.122 | 0.727 | 0.725 |
Previous kidney transplantation (yes) | 6 (10.3%) | 5 (12.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.516 | 0.660† | 0.451 |
Previous other organ transplantation (yes) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
High immunological risk (yes) | 11 (19.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.640 | 0.461† | 0.434 |
High risk of recurrence (yes) | 4 (7.0%) | 3 (7.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.020 | 1.000† | 0.886 |
Presence of serious co-morbid diseases (yes) | 11 (19.3%) | 8 (19.5%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.004 | 1.000† | 0.948 |
