Table 3 Post-donation characteristics and differences between clusters.
All partici-pants (n = 60) | Cluster 1 (n = 43) | Cluster 2 (n = 17) | t/x2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | |||
Elapsed time between donation and donors’ follow-up (months) | 12.78 (3.44) | 13.34 (3.44) | 11.36 (3.12) | 2.069 | 0.043 |
Psychometric instruments | |||||
Quality of life | |||||
Anamnestic comparative self-assessment, range − 5 (worst period) to 5 (best period) | 2.77 (1.79) | 3.07 (1,68) | 1.98 (1.88) | 2.157 | 0.035 |
36-item short form survey (SF-36) range 0–100§ | |||||
Physical functioning (PF) | 52.79 (7.32) | 55.54 (3.04) | 45.84 (10.10) | 3.890‡ | 0.001 |
Role Physical (RP) | 53.13 (7.31) | 55.37 (2.24) | 47.45 (11.67) | 2.779‡ | 0.013 |
Bodily pain (BP) | 54.46 (8.76) | 58.84 (4.00) | 43.36 (7.66) | 7.915‡ | < 0.001 |
General health (GH) | 54.71 (8.53) | 57.50 (7.22) | 47.64 (7.61) | 4.695 | < 0.001 |
Vitality (VT) | 54.51 (7.89) | 56.31 (7.24) | 49.98 (7.82) | 2.985 | 0.004 |
Social functioning (SF) | 54.37 (4.70) | 55.35 (3.72) | 51.88 (6.01) | 2.215‡ | 0.038 |
Role emotional (RE) | 52.63 (7.32) | 54.18 (4.47) | 48.70 (11.05) | 1.982‡ | 0.063 |
Mental health (MH) | 54.30 (6.48) | 55.90 (4.71) | 50.28 (8.54) | 2.563‡ | 0.019 |
Mental health status | |||||
Hospital anxiety and depression scale | |||||
Anxiety scale, range 0–21 | 3.73 (3.18) | 3.11 (2.97) | 5.24 (3.25) | − 2.412 | 0.019 |
Depression scale, range 0–21 | 1.17 (1.75) | 0.85 (1.33) | 1.94 (2.36) | − 1.787‡ | 0.089 |
Coping strategies | |||||
Sense of coherence, range 1–7 | 5.63 (0.84) | 5.72 (0.83) | 5.40 (0.83) | 1.366 | 0.177 |
Social support | |||||
English longitudinal study of ageing | |||||
Socioeconomic status range 1 (worst off) to 10 (best off) | 6.64 (1.54) | 6.70 (1.46) | 6.47 (1.81) | 0.497 | 0.621 |
Ad hoc items | |||||
Quality of life | |||||
Suffered complaints or illnesses because of the donation (Yes) | 13 (22.4%) | 3 (7.3%) | 10 (58.8%) | 18.333 | < 0.001 |
Current physical condition affected by the donation. range 0 (nothing) to 10 (a lot) | 1.84 (2.67) | 1.44 (2.63) | 2.88 (2.58) | − 1.864 | 0.068 |
The post-operative recovery was: | |||||
More difficult than I had imagined | 14 (24.1%) | 7 (17.1%) | 7 (41.2%) | 3.813 | 0.051 |
Easier than I had imagined | 29 (50.0%) | 20 (48.8%) | 9 (52.9%) | 0.083 | 0.773 |
Exactly as I had imagined | 14 (24.1%) | 13 (31.7%) | 1 (5.9%) | 4.377 | 0.046† |
I don’t know/I don’t remember | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.422 | 1.000† |
Mental health | |||||
Necessity of psychological/psychiatric treatment or counseling since the donation | |||||
No | 57 (95.0%) | 40 (93.0%) | 17 (100%) | 1.248 | 0.551† |
Yes | 2 (3.3%) | 2(4.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.818 | 1.000† |
Yes, because of the donation | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.401 | 1.000† |
Current emotional condition affected by the donation. range 0 (nothing) to 10 (a lot) | 1.75 (2.84) | 1.40 (2.69) | 2.65 (3.01) | − 1.555 | 0.126 |
After surgery I felt forgotten (true) | 7 (11.7%) | 3 (7.0%) | 4 (23.5%) | 3.239 | 0.092† |
Somehow I feel worried about my health since the donation (true) | 5 (8.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 4 (25.5%) | 6.978 | 0.021† |
The recipient’s health still occupies me a lot (true) | 46 (78.0%) | 32 (76.2%) | 14 (82.4%) | 0.268 | 0.738† |
Socio-economic status | |||||
Did you suffer any financial loss due to the donation? (Yes) | 20 (33.3%) | 15 (34.9%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.164 | 0.685 |
Life events | |||||
Did you experience any other life changing events since donation? (yes) | 13 (22.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.138 | 1.000† |
Intensity of distress for life events (Mean of items) Range 0 (no distress at all) to 10 (the worst experience) | 4.23 (5.3) | 4.12 (5.5) | 4.7 (4.6) | − 0.265 | 0.792 |
Donor-recipient relationship | |||||
Do you feel your relationship to the recipient has changed after the donation? (yes) | 19 (31.7%) | 14 (32.6%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.056 | 0.813 |
Have you been in charge of the recipient since the donation? (yes) | 18 (31.6%) | 13 (30.2%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.147 | 0.702 |
Perception of the recipient’s health after transplantation | |||||
The recipient enjoys good health currently | |||||
Strongly disagree/disagree | 5 (8.5%) | 2 (4.7%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2.988 | 0.118† |
Agree/strongly agree | 54 (91.5%) | 45 (95.3%) | 13 (81.2%) | ||
The recipient of my organ behaves in a way that risks the continued healthy functioning of the donated kidney | |||||
Strongly disagree/disagree | 54 (93.1%) | 38 (90.5%) | 16 (100%) | 1.637 | 0.567† |
Agree/strongly agree | 4 (6.9%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Recipients’ post-transplant complications | |||||
Permanent damage in organ function (yes) | 2 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11.7%) | 4.996 | 0.082† |
Inpatient hospitalization or Prolongation of hospitalization (yes) | 21 (36.2%) | 14 (33.3%) | 7 (43.8%) | 0.544 | 0.461 |
Permanent or temporary discapacity not requiring hospitalization (yes) | 7 (13.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.188 | 0.645† |
Treatment non-adherence (yes) n:48 | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.340 | 1.000† |
Psychological complications requiring treatment (yes) n:39 | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 3.977 | 0.205† |
Serum creatinine (Units) | 131.7 (98.3) | 122.4 (42.0) | 157.7 (180.2) | − 0.753‡ | 0.464 |
Recipient survival (yes) | 58 (98.3%) | 41 (97.6%) | 17 (100%) | 0.412 | 1.000† |
Graft survival (yes) | 56 (94.9%) | 41 (97.6%) | 15 (88.2%) | 2.208 | 0.197† |
