Table 3 Results of the qualitative interview of depressed subjects and healthy controls on their ruminative tendencies. Significant p-values and effect sizes are depicted in bold for reasons of clarity.
HC | MDD | t/χ2 | p | OR/d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Process: dwell on thoughts | 62% | 100% | χ2 = 13.22 | p < .001 | OR = 1.62 |
Process: uncontrollability | 15% | 93% | χ2 = 32.77 | p < .001 | OR = 6.2 |
Process: focus on past | 27% | 68% | χ2 = 7.74 | p < .01 | OR = 2.52 |
Process: duration (hours/day) | 0.23 | 2.8 | t = 6.41 | p < .001 | d = 1.77 |
Process: impairment | 11% | 89% | χ2 = 32.64 | p < .001 | OR = 8.09 |
Thematic: personal relevance rated from 0 to 100% | 64% | 88% | t = 3.05 | p < .01 | d = 0.8 |
Thematic: job | 23% | 28% | χ2 = 0.21 | p > .1 | OR = 1.20 |
Thematic: relationships | 46% | 57% | χ2 = 0.21 | p > .1 | OR = 1.23 |
Thematic: personal failure | 0% | 46% | χ2 = 15.90 | p < .001 | OR = 25.14a |
Emotion: guilt | 8% | 57% | χ2 = 14.48 | p < .001 | OR = 7.12 |
Emotion: shame | 4% | 50% | χ2 = 14.31 | p < .001 | OR = 12.5 |
Emotion: sadness | 8% | 65% | χ2 = 18.52 | p < .001 | OR = 8.13 |
Cognition: hopelessness | 8% | 71% | χ2 = 22.68 | p < .001 | OR = 8.87 |
Cognition: optimism in future | 50% | 25% | χ2 = 4.81 | p > .1 | OR = 0.5 |
Cognition: solution | 54% | 4% | χ2 = 12.41 | p < .001 | OR = 0.07 |
Cognition concreteness | 57% | 64% | χ2 = 0.25 | p > .1 | OR = 1.12 |
Cognition: counterfactual | 27% | 89% | χ2 = 20.95 | p < .001 | OR = 3.30 |
Behavior: action | 54% | 10% | χ2 = 11.63 | p < .001 | OR = 0.185 |
