Table 3 Associations between biomarkers of inflammation and cardiometabolic complications in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: crude and adjusted models.

From: Biomarkers of cardiometabolic complications in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Biomarker

Obesity

Insulin resistance

Pre-HTN/HTN

Dyslipidemia

MetS

 

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

 

Crude models

 

Adiponectin

0.27 (0.14–0.52)

 < 0.0001

0.21 (0.08–0.53)

 < 0.001

0.73 (0.30–1.81)

0.50

0.36 (0.20–0.67)

0.001

0.08 (0.02–0.46)

0.004

Leptin

5.65 (2.76–11.6)

 < 0.0001

6.09 (2.25–16.5)

 < 0.001

0.41 (0.15–1.09)

0.07

1.19 (0.64–2.23)

0.58

1.71(0.61–4.83)

0.32

Ratio leptin:adiponectin

13.9 (6.09–31.7)

 < 0.0001

16.6 (4.29–63.9)

 < 0.001

0.65 (0.26–1.67)

0.37

2.20 (1.16–4.17)

0.02

6.88 (1.71–27.7)

0.007

Resistin

1.04 (0.43–2.47)

0.94

2.48 (0.73–8.43)

0.15

1.03 (0.31–3.38)

0.97

1.81(0.77–4.24)

0.17

3.98 (0.89–17.8)

0.07

Visfatin

0.67 (0.36–1.28)

0.22

0.25 (0.10–0.62)

0.003

1.26 (0.5–3.19)

0.62

0.69 (0.37–1.29)

0.24

0.45 (0.16–1.32)

0.15

IL-6

1.79 (1.04–3.09)

0.04

0.90 (0.47–1.75)

0.76

1.18 (0.54–2.58)

0.68

1.25 (0.74–2.09)

0.40

1.80 (0.74–4.40)

0.20

TNF-α

1.86 (1.08–3.20)

0.03

1.81 (0.92–3.56)

0.09

1.02 (0.48–2.17)

0.96

1.10 (0.66–1.83)

0.72

2.85 (1.11–7.37)

0.03

PAI–1

3.30 (1.64–6.62)

 < 0.001

3.23 (1.29–8.13)

0.01

1.66 (0.62–4.46)

0.32

2.23 (1.15–4.33)

0.02

2.94 (0.93–9.28)

0.07

CRP

2.82 (1.57–5.07)

 < 0.001

3.73 (1.87–7.47)

 < 0.001

0.97 (0.41–2.28)

0.95

2.71 (1.52–4.83)

 < 0.001

5.02 (2.03–12.4)

 < 0.001

 

Adjusted models

 

Adiponectin

0.18 (0.09–0.38)

 < 0.0001

0.17 (0.07–0.45)

 < 0.001

1.04 (0.41–2.66)

0.94

0.34 (0.18–0.66)

0.002

0.07 (0.01–0.38)

0.002

Leptin

9.57 (3.41–26.9)

 < 0.0001

13.2 (3.68–47.1)

 < 0.0001

0.99 (0.29–3.36)

0.99

1.70 (0.72–4.06)

0.23

3.21 (0.86–11.9)

0.08

Ratio leptin:aiponectin

15.7 (6.20–39.7)

 < 0.0001

20.6 (5.17–82.1)

 < 0.0001

1.14 (0.4–3.14)

0.81

2.89 (1.34–6.24)

0.007

11.2 (2.58–48.7)

0.001

Resistin

0.88 (0.34–2.30)

0.80

2.26 (0.65–7.85)

0.20

1.49 (0.42–5.32)

0.54

1.97 (0.74–5.21)

0.17

7.40 (1.29–42.5)

0.03

Visfatin

0.74 (0.38–1.45)

0.38

0.27 (0.11–0.66)

0.004

0.96 (0.36–2.54)

0.94

0.66 (0.34–1.32)

0.24

0.41 (0.14–1.25)

0.12

IL-6

1.72 (0.98–3.02)

0.06

0.88 (0.45–1.72)

0.71

1.23 (0.56–2.71)

0.61

1.22 (0.71–2.10)

0.47

1.78 (0.73–4.33)

0.21

TNF-α

2.34 (1.31–4.18)

0.004

2.13 (1.06–4.29)

0.03

0.83 (0.38–1.81)

0.65

1.22 (0.71–2.10)

0.46

3.40 (1.29–8.94)

0.01

PAI–1

3.37 (1.61–7.05)

0.001

3.14 (1.25–7.90)

0.02

1.78 (0.64–4.96)

0.27

1.99 (0.98–4.04)

0.06

2.40 (0.76–7.52)

0.13

CRP

2.21 (1.19–4.09)

0.01

3.27 (1.58–6.79)

0.002

1.53 (0.61–3.82)

0.37

2.61 (1.40–4.86)

0.003

6.52 (2.38–17.9)

 < 0.001

  1. The crude and adjusted models were assessed between each biomarker and each cardiometabolic outcome. Models were adjusted for CRT exposure, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis and sex. Odds ratio (non-corrected 95% CI) and p-value are indicated for each association. Significant associations are in boldface. Bonferroni-adjusted alpha = 0.05/number of biomarkers = 0.05/9 = 0.006. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation.
  2. CI: confidence interval; CRP: C-reactive protein; CRT: cranial radiotherapy; HTN: arterial hypertension; IL-6: interleukin-6; MetS: metabolic syndrome; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.
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