Table 1 Basic clinical data for all participants.

From: Value of peak strain dispersion in discovering left ventricular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

Parameter

Control (n = 60)

T2DM (n = 101)

T2DMHbA1c<7% (n = 46)

T2DMHbA1c≥7% (n = 55)

T2DM duration (years)

NA

7.32 ± 1.85

7.15 ± 1.69

7.45 ± 1.99

HbA1c (%)

NA

7.56 ± 2.20

5.74 ± 0.75

9.08 ± 1.82*

Age (years)

53.83 ± 11.96

52.06 ± 9.04

51.35 ± 7.70

52.65 ± 10.5

BSA (m2)

1.63 ± 0.11

1.65 ± 0.12

1.64 ± 0.12

1.66 ± 0.12

BMI (kg/m2)

23.03 ± 4.54

24.09 ± 4.10

24.51 ± 3.99

23.75 ± 4.19

Male/female

28/32

47/54

21/25

26/29

HR (beat/min)

75.33 ± 7.55

76.99 ± 8.37

77.35 ± 8.68

76.69 ± 8.17

SBP (mm Hg)

123.22 ± 8.90

123.39 ± 7.35

122.37 ± 8.32

124.24 ± 6.38

DBP (mm Hg)

79.47 ± 5.77

81.13 ± 4.66

80.89 ± 4.35

81.33 ± 4.94

Comorbidities Hypertension n (%)

23 (38.33)

44 (43.56)

19 (41.30)

25 (45.45)

Comorbidities obesity n (%)

13 (21.67)

25 (24.75)

12 (26.09)

13 (23.64)

Drug therapy n (%)

CCB

13 (21.67)

26 (25.74)

15 (32.61)

11 (20.00)

β‐blocker

8 (13.33)

23 (22.77)

12 (26.09)

11 (20.00)

ACEI/ARB

21 (35.00)

37 (36.63)

17 (36.96)

20 (36.36)

Diuretic (including MRA)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Drug therapy (for DM) n (%)

Metformin

NA

53 (52.48)

25 (54.35)

28 (50.91)

Sulfonylurea

NA

19 (18.81)

7 (15.22)

12 (21.82)

Thiazolidines

NA

3 (2.97)

1 (2.17)

2 (3.64)

Nateglinide

NA

21 (20.79)

13 (28.26)

8 (14.55)

α‐GI

NA

16 (15.84)

6 (13.04)

10 (18.12)

DPP-4 inhibitor

NA

43 (42.57)

30 (65.22)

13 (23.64)

GLP‐1RA

NA

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

SGLT-2 inhibitor

NA

15 (14.85)

10 (21.74)

5 (9.09)

Insulin

NA

19 (18.81)

7 (15.22)

12 (21.82)

HDL (mmol/L)

1.33 ± 0.26

1.27 ± 0.26

1.25 ± 0.25

1.29 ± 0.27

LDL (mmol/L)

2.03 ± 0.53

2.17 ± 0.57

2.12 ± 0.49

2.20 ± 0.63

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.01 ± 0.50

4.17 ± 0.74

4.13 ± 0.72

4.20 ± 0.76

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.12 ± 0.34

1.20 ± 0.37

1.19 ± 0.37

1.21 ± 0.37

  1. Data are represented as the mean ± SD or as numbers.
  2. T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, NA not estimated, BSA body surface area, BMI body mass index, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CCB calcium channel blocker, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, α‐GI α‐glucosidase inhibitor, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, GLP‐1RA glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.
  3. *p < 0.05 versus control.
  4. †p < 0.05 versus controlled blood glucose.
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