Table 2 Characteristics of the study patients according to beta-blocker use.

From: Beta-blockers provide a differential survival benefit in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing contemporary post-percutaneous coronary intervention management

Characteristics

AMI n = 38,246

Angina n = 49,734

No beta-blocker n = 7431

Beta-blocker n = 30,815

P-value

No beta-blocker n = 20,456

Beta-blocker n = 29,278

P-value

Baseline characteristics

 Age, years

65 (55–75)

62 (53–73)

 < 0.001

66 (58–74)

66 (57–74)

0.005

 Male

5,574 (75.0)

23,598 (76.6)

0.005

14,051 (68.7)

19,553 (66.8)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

2,105 (28.3)

8,311 (27.0)

0.019

8,008 (39.1)

11,390 (38.9)

0.581

 Hyperlipidemia

2,298 (30.9)

9,067 (29.4)

0.011

11,166 (54.6)

14,577 (49.8)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

3,682 (49.5)

14,746 (47.9)

0.009

13,841 (67.7)

19,717 (67.3)

0.460

 History of heart failure

303 (4.1)

994 (3.2)

 < 0.001

1,422 (7.0)

2,819 (9.6)

 < 0.001

 Cardiac arrhythmia

245 (3.3)

1,009 (3.3)

0.913

1,774 (8.7)

2,740 (9.4)

0.009

 Valvular heart disease

20 (0.3)

40 (0.1)

0.013

94 (0.5)

130 (0.4)

0.838

 Peripheral vascular disease

661 (8.9)

2,657 (8.6)

0.449

2,790 (13.6)

3,818 (13.0)

0.053

 Cerebrovascular disease

709 (9.5)

2,444 (7.9)

 < 0.001

3,156 (15.4)

4,296 (14.7)

0.021

 Chronic pulmonary disease

918 (12.4)

3,268 (10.6)

 < 0.001

3,152 (15.4)

4,500 (15.4)

0.910

 Moderate-to-severe liver disease

3 (0.04)

10 (0.03)

0.726

6 (0.03)

15 (0.05)

0.275

 Renal disease

268 (3.6)

895 (2.9)

0.002

1,119 (5.5)

1,807 (6.2)

0.001

 Malignancy

157 (2.1)

485 (1.6)

0.002

479 (2.3)

628 (2.1)

0.147

 Rheumatologic disease

10 (0.1)

39 (0.1)

0.857

39 (0.2)

55 (0.2)

0.999

 Charlson comorbidity index

1 (0–2)

1 (0–1)

 < 0.001

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.481

Type of treatment for PCI

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

 Drug-eluting stent

6,856 (92.3)

29,155 (94.6)

 

18,969 (92.7)

27,330 (93.3)

 

 Bioresorbable vascular scaffold

38 (0.5)

212 (0.7)

 

166 (0.8)

152 (0.5)

 

 Bare-metal stent

41 (0.6)

235 (0.8)

 

135 (0.7)

188 (0.6)

 

 Plain balloon angioplasty

496 (6.7)

1,213 (3.9)

 

1,186 (5.8)

1,608 (5.5)

 

Number of stents per person

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.753

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

 < 0.001

Medication at discharge

 Aspirin

6,796 (91.5)

29,271 (95.0)

 < 0.001

18,829 (92.0)

27,671 (94.5)

 < 0.001

 P2Y12 receptor antagonists

7,366 (99.1)

30,741 (99.8)

 < 0.001

4,964 (98.4)

25,269 (99.6)

 < 0.001

 Statins

6,740 (90.7)

29,584 (96.0)

 < 0.001

20,032 (97.9)

29,055 (99.2)

 < 0.001

 ACEI or ARBs

3,734 (50.2)

23,530 (76.4)

 < 0.001

9,069 (44.3)

20,056 (68.5)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are shown as the median (interquartile range) or n (%).
  2. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, AMI acute myocardial infarction, ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonist, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.
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