Figure 2
Set up of experimental room. The subject was placed on the starting position opposite the experimenter. In the learning trials, the experimenter would get the dog’s attention, show it the treat, place the treat in a bowl, and place the bowl on the target. After the experimenter gave the release command, the owner would release the dog and the dog would have to enter through the gap in the barrier to reach the treat. The test trials were the same as the learning trials, but the gap was moved to the other side. The experimental procedure was the same except that in the scaffolding conditions, the experimenter would either point to the gap or demonstrate the route before giving the release command.
