Table 4 Stratification analysis by BMI and WHR: joint effect of dietary alcohol intake with combined risk genotypes and behavioral factors on breast cancer risk.

From: Pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and interactions with dietary alcohol and estrogen, risk factors for invasive breast cancer using a post genome-wide analysis for gene–gene and gene–lifestyle interaction

n

Total

n

Low dietary alcohol intakea

n

High dietary alcohol intakea

HRb (95% CI)

p*

HRb (95% CI)

p*

HRb (95% CI)

p*

Overall non-obese group, BMI < 30 kg/m2 (n = 7179)

Risk genotypes (SALL1 rs10521222 TT and APOC1 rs4420638 GG)c

 0

Reference

 

2052

Reference

 

229

1.54 (0.72–3.29)

0.263

 1

2.38 (1.77–3.21)

1.21e−08

4380

2.38 (1.72–3.29)

1.75e−07

518

3.86 (2.53–5.88)

3.31e−10

Behavioral factors (oral contraceptive use, E + P, and dietary alcohol intake)d

 0

Reference

 

4284

Reference

 

502

1.52 (1.00–2.31)

0.049

 1

1.80 (1.44–2.25)

2.73e−07

2148

1.72 (1.34–2.19)

1.56e−05

245

3.14 (2.06–4.78)

9.46e−08

Risk genotypes combined with behavioral factorse

 0

Reference

 

1354

Reference

 

161

2.23 (0.83–6.04)

0.113

 1

3.17 (1.94–5.16)

3.59e−06

3628

3.22 (1.97–5.24)

2.83e−06

409

4.42 (2.40–8.15)

1.96e−06

 2

5.51 (3.36–9.03)

1.30e−11

1450

5.13 (3.09–8.53)

2.69e−10

177

10.12 (5.46–18.78)

2.13e−13

p trend

1e−15

      

Non-viscerally obese group, WHR ≤ 0.85 (n = 7251)

Risk genotypes (DUSP1 rs17658229 CC, HLA-DQA1 rs9271608 GG, SALL1 rs10521222 TT, and APOC1 rs4420638 GG)c

 0

Reference

 

4022

Reference

 

300

1.22 (0.65–2.28)

0.530

 1

2.75 (2.21–3.41)

 < 2e−16

2744

2.59 (2.06–3.25)

4.22e−16

185

5.41 (3.55–8.23)

3.28e−15

Behavioral factors (oral contraceptive use, E + P, hip circumference, and dietary alcohol intake)d

 0

Reference

 

2179

Reference

 

192

1.64 (0.81–3.33)

0.168

 1

1.63 (1.19–2.24)

0.002

3027

1.62 (1.17–2.23)

0.003

204

3.02 (1.78–5.13)

4.37e−05

 2

2.68 (1.89–3.78)

2.43e−08

1560

2.50 (1.74–3.61)

8.08e−07

89

4.10 (2.11–7.99)

3.31e−05

Risk genotypes combined with behavioral factorse

 0

Reference

 

1360

Reference

 

127

1.86 (0.54–6.35)

0.325

 1

3.26 (1.96–5.43)

5.68e−06

3481

3.33 (1.99–5.56)

4.26e−06

238

4.43 (2.16–9.05)

4.65e−05

 2

7.05 (4.22–11.77)

8.29e−14

1925

6.60 (3.93–11.08)

8.82e−13

120

14.74 (7.71–28.19)

4.14e−16

p trend

 < 2e−16

      
  1. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; E + P, exogenous estrogen + progestin; HR, hazard ratio; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Numbers in bold face are statistically significant.
  2. *p values were adjusted to correct for multiple testing via the Benjamini–Hochberg approach.
  3. aIn the overall non-obese subgroup, dietary alcohol was classified by a cutoff of 18 g/day (< 18 vs. ≥ 18); in the non-viscerally obese subgroup, dietary alcohol classified by a cutoff of 22 g/day (< 22 vs. ≥ 22);
  4. bMultivariate regression for risk genotype analysis was adjusted by family income, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, depressive symptom, number of cigarettes per day, age at menopause, duration of oral contraceptive use, E + P use, % calories from protein, and dietary alcohol (in total analysis); for behavioral factor analysis, variables tested for stratification and joint effect were not included as covariates in the multivariate regression.
  5. cThe number of risk genotypes was defined as follows: [BMI < 30 subgroup] 0 (none or 1 risk allele) vs. 1 (2 risk alleles); [WHR ≤ 0.85 subgroup] 0 (none or 1/2/3 risk alleles) vs. 1 (4 risk alleles).
  6. dThe number of behavioral factors was defined as follows: [BMI < 30] 0 (null risk behavior) vs. 1 (1 or more risk behaviors); [WHR ≤ 0.85] 0 (null risk behavior) vs. 1 (1 risk behavior) vs. 2 (2 or more risk behaviors).
  7. eThe combined number of risk genotypes and behavioral factors was based on risk genotypes defined as 0 (low risk) and 1 (high risk) and based on behavioral factors defined as 0 (low risk) and 1 (high risk). The ultimate number of risk genotypes combined with behavioral factors was defined as 0 (low risk for genotypes and behaviors), 1 (high risk for either genotypes or behaviors), and 2 (high risk for both genotypes and behaviors).
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