Table 2 Larval mortality, adult emergence, larval period, pupal period, total developmental period, pupal weight of S. litura when 6 days old instar larvae were fed on different concentrations of azadirachtin.

From: Effect of gallic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor

Concentrations (ppm)

Larval mortality (%)

Adult emergence (%)

Larval period (days)

Pupal period (days)

Total development period (days)

Pupal weight (mg)

Control

3.33 ± 3.33a

90.00 ± 4.47a

96.68 ± 0.27a

13.62 ± 0.58a

33.17 ± 0.74a

254.16 ± 6.84a

5

26.67 ± 4.21b

46.67 ± 4.21b

22.39 ± 0.60b

15.33 ± 0.21ab

37.72 ± 0.71b

231.12 ± 2.97ab

25

50.00 ± 4.40c

30.00 ± 4.47c

27.92 ± 0.32c

15.94 ± 0.34bc

43.78 ± 0.54c

214.80 ± 5.33b

125

70.00 ± 4.47d

10.00 ± 4.47d

29.00 ± 0.50c

16.67 ± 0.21bcd

45.67 ± 0.57c

155.76 ± 7.04c

625

90.00 ± 4.47e

3.33 ± 3.33d

35.33 ± 0.33d

17.67 ± 0.33 cd

52.67 ± 0.33d

135.17 ± 2.89c

3125

93.33 ± 4.21e

0.00 ± 0.00d

36.00 ± 0.00d

____

____

110 ± 0.00d

F-value

119.00**

79.50**

160.11**

14.86**

108.41**

62.59**

  1. **Significant at 1%. Values are Mean ± SE. Means followed by the same letter within the columns are not significantly different according to Tukey’s test at p ≤ 0.05.