Figure 3
Cardiac function—echocardiography—parameters. (A) Cardiac output (CO) in l/min at baseline (BL), 3 and 6 h after multiple trauma in pigs (femur fracture, liver laceration, chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock) presented as a combined trauma group containing femoral nailing and conventional reaming as therapeutic treatment. (B) Contractility index (CI) in l/min/m2 measured at BL, 3 and 6 h after multiple trauma, *p < 0.05 compared to baseline. (C) Mitral valve deceleration time (MV desc time) in sec detected at BL, 3 and 6 h after trauma in pigs, *p < 0.05 compared to baseline. (D) Ratio of E wave and A wave (E/A) measured at BL, 3 and 6 h after multiple trauma with hemorrhagic shock. (E) Left ventricular tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) in cm at BL, 3 and 6 h after trauma, *p = 0.06 compared to baseline. (F) Right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) in cm measured at BL, 3 and 6 h after multiple trauma, *p < 0.05 compared to baseline. (G) Subgroup analysis of right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) in cm at BL, 3 and 6 h after trauma and either conventional reaming (conv, gray) or femoral nailing (nailing, black), * p < 0.05 compared to baseline. Combined multiple trauma group n = 10, femoral nailing n = 5, conventional reaming n = 5, sham n = 5.
