Figure 1

Overview of the study area, sampling locations, and benthic diatom community data; (a) Overlook showing glacier retreat in Marian Cove, West Antarctica, since 1989. Stations in the inner part of the cove are presented (B1, B2, M1, and M2). (b) Map showing sampling locations (intertidal zone: B1–B6; subtidal zone: M1–M4 at 10 and 30 m) surveyed in 2018–2019, with a summary of benthic community data; specifically, the number of species, relative abundance by salinity (marine, euryhaline, and freshwater), life-form (chain and solitary), and various substrates (cobble-mat, cobble-film, macroalgae, limpet shell, and sediment). Ecological type of diatom species in relation to salinity is provided in Table S8. The base map was obtained from Google Earth (https://earth.google.com/web) and Global USGS Visualization Viewer (https://glovis.usgs.gov).