Table 3 Yield and yield components of maize as affected by irrigation intervals and foliar application of K-silicates in the 2017 and 2018 seasons.

From: Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

Treatments

2017

2018

Characters

Irrigation intervals (I)

Foliar application of K-silicate (K2SiO3)

L.S.D.0.05

Foliar application of K-silicate (K2SiO3)

L.S.D.0.05

S1 (once)

S2 (twice)

S3 (three times)

S4 (control)

Average (I)

I

S

I × S

S1 (once)

S2 (twice)

S3 (three times)

S4 (control)

Average (I)

I

S

I × S

100-grain weight (g)

I1 (10 days)

26.6

28.2

30.6

26.5

28.0

   

26.9

28.6

30.1

27.2

28.2

   

I2 (15 days)

27.1

28.1

29.7

25.4

27.6

1.3

1.6

2.0

26.1

28.2

29.8

25.9

27.5

1.3

1.5

2.5

I3 (20 days)

21.9

25.0

27.9

21.3

24.0

   

22.3

24.3

27.1

20.5

23.5

   

Average

25.2

27.1

29.4

24.4

    

25.1

27.0

29.0

24.5

    

Biological yield (t/ha)

I1 (10 days)

20.4

22.1

23.3

19.7

21.4

   

21.8

22.6

23.5

21.6

22.4

   

I2 (15 days)

22.6

23.5

25.2

20.6

23.0

0.7

1.2

1.7

22.3

22.8

23.8

21.8

22.7

0.2

0.7

1.4

I3 (20 days)

19.4

20.4

22.1

19.0

20.2

   

19.4

21.1

22.3

18.7

20.4

   

Average

20.8

22.0

23.5

19.8

    

21.2

22.2

23.2

20.7

    

Straw yield (t/ha)

I1 (10 days)

12.2

13.4

14.2

11.8

12.9

   

13.4

13.9

14.2

13.2

13.7

   

I2 (15 days)

13.9

14.6

15.6

12.7

14.2

1.2

1.3

2.1

13.9

14.2

14.4

14.4

14.2

0.5

0.7

1.4

I3 (20 days)

12.2

12.7

13.4

10.8

12.3

   

12.0

13.2

13.7

12.0

12.7

   

Average

12.8

13.6

14.4

11.8

    

13.1

13.8

14.1

13.1

    

Grain yield (t/ha)

I1 (10 days)

8.2

8.6

9.1

7.9

8.5

   

8.4

8.6

9.4

8.4

8.7

   

I2 (15 days)

8.6

8.9

9.6

7.9

8.8

0.6

0.1

0.7

8.4

8.6

9.4

7.4

8.5

0.7

0.6

0.9

I3 (20 days)

7.2

7.7

8.6

8.2

7.9

   

7.4

7.9

8.6

6.7

7.7

   

Average

8.0

8.4

9.1

8.0

    

8.1

8.4

9.1

7.5

    

Water use efficiency (WUE) (kg/m3)

I1 (10 days)

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.0

1.2

   

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.1

   

I2 (15 days)

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.5

1.6

0.2

0.1

0.2

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.3

1.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

I3 (20 days)

1.8

1.8

2.1

1.6

1.8

   

1.4

1.6

1.9

1.5

1.6

   

Average

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.4

    

1.3

1.4

1.6

1.3

    
  1. I1, I2, and I3: irrigation intervals treatments; S1,S2, S3 and S4: foliar application of K-silicate treatments; L.S.D.at 5%, the least significant difference at a 5% level of significance.
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