Table 1 Parameters adopted to estimate the rice straw surplus energy potential.
Parameters and indicators | Unit | Value for RSS | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Straw to grain ratio | SGR | - | 1.19 | GSOV24 |
Loss of rice straw during handling and storage | LRS | % | 10 | Nelson26 |
Moisture content assumed on dry basis | MC | % | 12 | Nelson26 |
Low heating value of RISS | LHV | MJ kg−1 | 14 | Koppejan and Van27 |
Foreseen overall efficiency of the plant | µ | % | 25 | Koppejan and Van27 |
Annual operation hours | OPE | hour | 8,000 | IOE4 |
Annual RISR on wet basis (wb) in 2019 | RISSwb | mill. tonwb year-1 | 24 | This study |
Annual RISR on dry basis (db) in 2019 | RISSdb | mill. tondb year-1 | 21.1 | This study |
