Figure 3

A TLR8 agonist stimulates immune cell activity. (A–C) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with serial dilutions of VTX-2337 for 24 h, then cell culture media harvested for analysis of IFN-γ (A), TNFα (B) and IL-1β (C) by ELISA. *p < 0.01 versus 0 µM. (D–I) SQ20B cells were co-cultured with PBMCs, treated with VTX and/or cetuximab (CTX) for 24 h, then activated CD4⁺ (D, G), CD8⁺ (E, H), and NK cells (F, I) analyzed by flow cytometry. Human IgG₁ was used as a control (CON). Bar graphs shown in (G–I) represent the mean of n = 3 experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation from the mean. *p < 0.05 versus CON, **p < 0.01 versus CON (One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test).