Table 1 Haemodynamic parameters and cardiac assessment pre- and post-induction of cardiogenic shock.

From: An innovative ovine model of severe cardiopulmonary failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

 

Baseline

CS

p-value

Haemodynamic parameters

Heart rate (BPM)

85 ± 18

99 ± 17

0.06

SAP (mmHg)

97 ± 18

67 ± 14

0.01

MAP (mmHg)

80 ± 18

56 ± 11

0.03

COa (L/min)

4.1 ± 0.8

SVa (mL)

46 ± 13

SVRIa (dynes/cm5/m2)

1697 ± 646

Lactate (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.8

4.7 ± 0.9

 < 0.001

Diuresis (mL/kg/h)

2.1 ± 1.6

0.7 ± 0.8

0.09

Cardiac assessment

Fractional area change (%)

34 ± 9

16 ± 7

0.003

LVEF (%)

42–52

15–29

  1. Parameters in bold are part of the definition of CS according to the latest guidelines1. Data presented as mean ± SD.
  2. BPM beats per minute, CO cardiac output, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAP mean arterial pressure, SAP systolic arterial blood pressure, SV stroke volume, SVRI systemic vascular resistance index.
  3. aCO, SV and SVRI were not measured after commencement of VA-ECMO due to inappropriateness of Swan-Ganz measurements during ECMO.