Table 3 Comparison of the components of surface energy balance and meteorological parameters on several mid-latitude glaciers of Eurasia.
Region (glacier) | Location | Period (years) | Snet | Lnet | R | H | LE | SEB | T/RH/u/cloud | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wm−2 (%) | Wm−2 (%) | Wm−2 (%) | Wm−2 (%) | Wm−2 (%) | Wm−2 | °C/%/m s−1/% | ||||
French Alps (glacier de Saint-Sorlin) | 45° N, 6° E, 2760 m a.s.l | 8.07–28.08 (2006) | 157 (102) | − 33 (− 21) | 124 (80) | 28 (18) | 2 (1) | 154 | 5.4/70/3.0/48 | Six et al.5 |
Norway (Storbreen) | 62° N, 8° E, 1570 m a.s.l | 1.06–10.09 (2001–06) | 92 (81) | − 6 (− 5) | 86 (76) | 20 (18) | 9 (8) | 113 | 5.3/78/3.2/77* | Andreassen et al.2 |
Caucasus Mountains, Russia (Djankuat glacier) | 43° N, 43° E, 3000 m a.s.l | 1.07–31.08 (2007–15) | 168 (51) | − 17 (− 5) | 151 (45) | 104 (31) | 32 (10) | 332 | 7.5/70/3.9/36* | Toropov et al.7 |
Russian Altai (Malyi Aktru glacier) | 50° N, 87° E, 3250 m a.s.l | 1.07–31.08 (1970) | 123 (97) | − 12 (− 9) | 111 (88) | 20 (16) | − 5 (− 4) | 126 | 8.2/70/2.0/74 | Galakhov23 |
Mongolian Altai (Potanin glacier) | 49° N, 88° E, 3040 m a.s.l | 13.06–14.08 (2007–08) | 206 (143) | − 52 (− 36) | 154 (107) | 8 (6) | − 18 (− 13) | 144 | 3.4/67/3.3/50* | Konya et al.13 |
Western Qilian mountains, China (Laohugou glacier No. 12) | 39° N, 97° E, 4550 m a.s.l | 1.06–30.09 (2011) | 126 (169) | − 45 (− 60) | 81 (108) | 7 (9) | − 13 (− 17) | 75 | − 0.4/65/2.0/60* | Sun et al.10 |
Kodar (Sygyktinsky Glacier) | 57° N, 117° E, 2560 m a.s.l | 7.07–23.08 (2019–20) | 79 (99) | − 6 (− 7) | 73 (92) | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | 79 | 6.8/81/1.2/73 | This study |
Suntar-Khayata (glacier no. 31) | 63° N, 141° E, 2230 m a.s.l | 1.07–31.08 (1959) | 95 (93) | − 15 (− 15) | 81 (79) | 16 (16) | 6 (6) | 102 | 4.0/83/3.8/84 | |
Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia (Koryto glacier) | 55° N, 162° E, 810 m a.s.l | 7.08–12.09 (2000) | – | – | 43 (32) | 59 (44) | 31 (23) | 133 | 7.6/–/2.4/60* | Konya et al.33 |