Table 1 Least square means, standard error of the mean (SEM) and ANOVA fixed effects of productive variables and metabolite and endocrine concentrations for North American (NAH, n = 8) and New Zealand (NZH, n = 8) Holstein genetic strains (GS) at 21 and 180 days in milk (DIM) on grazing systems.

From: Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids differ with Holstein genetic strain in pasture-based dairy systems

Parameters1

Least square means

P-value

21 DIM

180 DIM

SEM

GS

DIM

GS \(\times \) DIM

NAH

NZH

NAH

NZH

    

FPCM\(^2\) (kg/day)

38.9

37.6

29.3

24.5

1.8

0.08

< 0.01

0.21

BW (kg)

556

511

565

528

17

0.03

0.19

0.66

BCS

2.38

2.68

2.48

2.81

0.11

< 0.01

0.06

0.80

NEFA (mmol/L)

0.454

0.535

0.078

0.082

0.057

0.52

< 0.01

0.43

BHB (mmol/L)

0.444

0.404

0.298

0.340

0.044

0.99

0.02

0.32

Urea (mmo/L)

5.60

6.36

7.40

9.14

0.24

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.07

Glucose (mmol/L)

3.07

3.54

2.63

4.38

0.27

< 0.01

0.37

0.01

Insulin (mUI/mL)

5.03

4.63

6.78

8.10

0.55

0.52

< 0.01

0.04

  1. 1: Parameters abbreviations: BW: body weight; BCS: body condition score; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids,
  2. BHB: \(\beta \)-hydroxybutyrate.
  3. FPCM: fat and protein corrected milk, presented as average milk yield of \(+/-\) 2.5 days the date in which the blood plasma
  4. samples were collected. FPCM was estimated according to Østergaard et al.63 as follows:
  5. FPCM=Milk yield[(0.0383\(\times \)fat% + 0.0242\(\times \)protein% + 0.7832)/3.14].
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