Table 1 Characteristics at baseline among severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients.
From: The predictive value of serum level of cystatin C for COVID-19 severity
Total (n = 162) | Severe (n = 28) | Non-severe (n = 134) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, (y) mean ± SD | 61.7 ± 13.5 | 70.1 ± 12.7 | 59.8 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 84 (51.9) | 20 (71.4) | 64 (47.8) | 0.023 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 17 (10.5) | 2 (7.1) | 15 (11.2) | 0.766 |
Often drinker, n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 0 | 3 (2.2) | > 0.999 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 50 (30.9) | 12 (42.9) | 38 (28.4) | 0.131 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 30 (18.5) | 7(25.0) | 23 (17.2) | 0.332 |
COPD, n (%) | 12 (7.4) | 4 (13.4) | 8 (6) | 0.258 |
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 23 (14.2) | 8 (28.6) | 15 (11.2) | 0.017 |
Digestive disease, n (%) | 15 (9.3) | 1 (3.6) | 14 (10.4) | 0.433 |
Previous tumor, n (%) | 13 (8.0) | 3 (10.7) | 10 (7.5) | 0.847 |
Immunosuppresive, n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (1.5) | > 0.999 |
Wet market exposure, n (%) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (0.7) | 0.772 |
Clinical manifestion | ||||
Fever, n (%) | 114 (70.4) | 19 (67.9) | 95 (70.9) | 0.749 |
Dry cough, n, (%) | 103 (63.6) | 19 (67.9) | 84 (62.7) | 0.605 |
Productive cough, n (%) | 23 (14.2) | 2 (7.1) | 21 (15.7) | 0.38 |
Fatigue, n (%) | 56 (34.6) | 9 (32.1) | 47 (35.1) | 0.767 |
Musle or joint ache, n (%) | 21(13.0) | 2(7.1) | 19 (14.2) | 0.485 |
Thoracalgia, n (%) | 31(19.1) | 6(21.4) | 25(18.7) | 0.735 |
Sore throat, n (%) | 23 (14.2) | 4 (14.3) | 19 (14.2) | > 0.999 |
Diarrhea, n (%) | 12 (7.4) | 3 (10.7) | 9 (6.7) | 0.735 |
Catarrh, n (%) | 6 (3.7) | 0 | 6 (4.5) | 0.591 |
Anorexia, n (%) | 47 (29.0) | 28 (28.6) | 39 (29.1) | 0.955 |
Short of breath, n (%) | 65 (40.1) | 15 (53.6) | 50 (37.3) | 0.11 |
Headache, n (%) | 19 (11.7) | 3 (10.7) | 16 (11.9) | > 0.999 |
Total symptoms, (IQR) | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–4] | 0.815 |
Regular blood test | ||||
WBC × 109/L (IQR) | 5.4 [4.4–7.3] | 5.2 [3.9–10.0] | 5.4 [4.4–7.1] | 0.643 |
Decreased WBC, n (%) | 10 (6.2) | 4 (14.3) | 6 (4.5) | 0.126 |
Lymphocytes × 109/L (IQR) | 1.4 [0.9–1.7] | 0.8 [0.6–1.4] | 1.4 [1.1–1.7] | < 0.001 |
Decreased lymphocytes, n (%) | 53 (32.7) | 18 (64.3) | 35 (26.1) | 0.001 |
sCys C (mg/L) | 1.08 [0.94–1.28] | 1.28 [1.05–1.83] | 1.07 [0.92–1.22] | 0.001 |
Bun (mmol/L) | 4.4 [3.4–5.5] | 5.1 [3.8–8.4] | 4.3 [3.9–5.4] | 0.014 |
sCr (umol/L) | 74 [64–87] | 83 [63–107] | 74 [64–84] | 0.042 |
LDH (U/L) | 197 [164–264] | 271 [203–338] | 187 [160–244] | < 0. 001 |
Increased LDH, n (%) | 50 [30.9] | 17 [60.7] | 33 [24.6] | < 0. 001 |
CT findings, n (%) | 0.024 | |||
Unilateral pneumonia, n (%) | 25 (15.4) | 2 (7.1) | 23 (17.2) | |
Bilateral pneumonia, n (%) | 85(52.5) | 11 (39.3) | 74 (55.2) | |
Multiple mottling and Ground-glass opacity, n (%) | 52 (32.1) | 15 (53.6) | 37 (27.6) | |
