Figure 2

Schematic representation of a difference operator quantifying multiple feature changes. \({{\Omega }_{{\text{def}}}}\) and \({{\Omega }_{{\text{target}}}}\) have five node sets contained in list \({\boldsymbol{\mathcal{N}}}\): three represent material regions (A, B, and C), and the other two include the inner and outer surfaces (\({\mathscr{J}}\) and \({\mathscr{O}}\)). Corresponding interfaces on the deformed (solid) and target (dashed) geometries were compared by calculating the average Euclidean distance between their nodes (black arrows), based on a nearest neighbor search.