Table 3 Pre- and post-intervention measures.

From: Low-frequency exercise training improves cardiovascular fitness and strength during treatment for breast cancer: a single-arm intervention study

 

Pre

Post

Mean change (95% CI)

Physical and body composition characteristics

Age, y

53.0 ± 10.1

53.1 ± 10.3

0.0 (− 1.4, 1.5)

Weight, kg

72.5 ± 14.1

72.5 ± 15.7

0.1 (− 1.6, 1.8)

Height, m

1.62 ± 0.69

1.62 ± 0.06

0.19 (− 1.12, 1.50)

BMI, kg m−2

27.5 ± 5.4

27.4 ± 5.8

 − 0.2 (− 1.1, 0.6)

Waist circumference, cm

94.3 ± 13.7

93.8 ± 15.1

 − 0.5 (− 3.0, 2.0)

FM, %

40.1 ± 6.5

44.9 ± 6.9

0.1 (− 1.0, 1.1)

LSTM, kg

39.6 ± 5.6

39.5 ± 6.1

0.2 (− 1.0, 1.3)

Cardiovascular fitness

Resting

 HR, bpm

72 ± 12

70 ± 12

 − 2 (− 5, 1)

 SBP, mmHg

118 ± 16

114 ± 15

 − 4 (− 8, 1)

 DBP, mmHg

77 ± 10

74 ± 9

 − 4 (− 6, − 1)

GXT (final stage)

 Workrate, W

77 ± 26

87 ± 32

10 (5, 15)

 HR, bpm

127 ± 17

128 ± 19

0 (− 4, 4)

 SBP, mmHg

164 ± 21

160 ± 20

 − 3 (− 9, 2)

 DBP, mmHg

76 ± 13

77 ± 9

0 (− 3, 3)

Predicted VO2peak, mL kg−1 min−1

31.9 ± 8.9

34.0 ± 9.4

2.2 (0.1, 4.3)

Isometric strength

Right biceps, N m

32 ± 11

34 ± 11

2.3 (0.1, 4.5)

Left biceps, N m

31 ± 11

33 ± 11

1.9 (− 0.4, 4.2)

Right quadriceps, N m

100 ± 29

109 ± 30

7.9 (2.1, 13.7)

Left quadriceps, N m

102 ± 27

110 ± 31

7.8 (1.9, 13.7)

Glucose and lipid metabolism

Fasting serum glucose, mM

4.89 ± 1.17

4.62 ± 0.52

 − 0.23 (− 0.56, 0.09)

Insulin, μIU mL−1

17.2 ± 10.3

18.0 ± 13.53

1.1 (− 0.4, 2.6)

HOMA-IR

4.1 ± 4.3

3.9 ± 3.4

 − 0.2 (− 1.0, 0.6)

C-peptide, ng mL−1

2.37 ± 1.08

2.18 ± 1.08

 − 0.18 (− 0.51, 0.16)

HDL-c, mM

1.32 ± 0.37

1.43 ± 0.41

0.14 (− 0.07, 0.35)

TC/HDL-c

3.63 ± 1.30

3.63 ± 1.45

0.04 (− 0.37, 0.46)

LDL-c, mM

2.60 ± 1.00

2.77 ± 1.1

0.11 (− 0.18, 0.40)

TAG, mM

2.90 ± 1.50

3.01 ± 1.51

0.15 (− 0.56, 0.85)

  1. Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
  2. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared using 2-tailed paired t-tests on pooled multiple imputation data.
  3. Bolded values indicate statistically significant changes.
  4. ALMI appendicular lean mass index, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FM fat mass, FFM fat-free mass, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HR heart rate, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, TAG triglycerides; VO2 oxygen uptake.
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