Table 6 Amino acids release (mg g−1 diet h−1) during the gastric, intestinal, and total in vitro digestion.

From: Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass

Diet

Fish enzymes

Acid digestion

Alkaline digestion

Total digestion

Control

Active

18.7 ± 0.06

27.3 ± 0.29 c

46.1 ± 0.36c

Inactive

14.9 ± 0.09

24.3 ± 0.13 A

39.2 ± 0.05AB

BSG0.1

Active

19.2 ± 0.16

27.7 ± 0.31 c

47.0 ± 0.15bc

Inactive

18.3 ± 0.21

11.4 ± 0.13B

29.7 ± 0.21BC

BSG0.2

Active

23.0 ± 0.02

31.0 ± 0.22ab

54.0 ± 0.20a

Inactive

23.8 ± 3.5

10.4 ± 0.45B

34.2 ± 3.00ABC

BSG0.4

Active

18.9 ± 0.01

29.4 ± 0.07bc

48.3 ± 0.06bc

Inactive

17.3 ± 0.17

23.9 ± 0.37A

41.2 ± 0.20A

BSG0.4+

Active

20.9 ± 0.3

28.3 ± 0.21c

49.2 ± 0.53b

Inactive

18.4 ± 0.51

9.4 ± 0.06B

27.8 ± 0.58C

NAT

Active

21.9 ± 0.04

32.0 ± 0.36a

53.9 ± 0.32a

Inactive

18.3 ± 0.12

10.3 ± 0.26B

28.6 ± 0.13C

Two-way ANOVA

Variance source

Diets

Diet

Fish enzymes

Interaction

Control

BSG0.1

BSG0.2

BSG0.4

BSG0.4+

NAT

Acid

***

*

n.s.

b

ab

b

ab

ab

ab

Alkaline

***

*

**

      

Total

**

***

***

      
  1. Values presented as mean (n = 3) and standard deviation (SD).
  2. Two-way ANOVA testing for the effect of the diets (control, BSG0.1, BSG0.2, BSG0.4, BSG0.4 + ; NAT) and fish enzymes (active and inactive): *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s.: not significant. If the interaction was significant, one-way ANOVA was performed testing the effect of the diets during digestion with active (lower letters) or inactive fish enzymes (upper letters).