Table 9 Performance metrics of the best performing classifier (‘fair’ case) when different categories of ADL are used in the training and the testing subsets.

From: A study on the impact of the users’ characteristics on the performance of wearable fall detection systems

Dataset

Features and algorithm

ADL categories used for

Se (%)

Sp (%)

\(\sqrt{Se\cdot Sp}\) (%)

Training

Test

DOFDA

HCTSA features

Naïve Bayes (Gaussian)

All (fair distribution)

All (fair distribution)

97.37

100.00

98.67

Basic ADLs

Standard ADLs

100.00

68.00

82.46

Standard ADLs

Basic ADLs

100.00

50.00

70.71

Erciyes

Own selection of features

SVM (quadratic kernel)

All (fair distribution)

All (fair distribution)

99.62

99.18

99.40

All but standard ADLs

Standard ADLs

99.34

98.90

99.12

All but basic ADLs

Basic ADLs

99.34

97.22

98.28

All but sporting ADLs

Sporting ADLs

98.68

95.65

97.15

All but ‘Near Falls’

Near Falls

100.00

92.39

96.12

SisFall

HCTSA

SVM (cubic kernel)

All (fair distribution)

All (fair distribution)

99.78

99.96

99.87

All but basic ADLs

Basic ADLs

99.83

92.96

96.34

All but sporting ADLs

Sporting ADLs

99.67

84.46

91.75

All but standard ADLs

Standard ADLs

99.67

72.34

84.91

UMAFall

Own selection of features

KNN (Euclidean. 10 neighbors)

All (fair distribution)

All (fair distribution)

98.93

98.73

98.83

All but basic ADLs

Basic ADLs

100.00

93.84

96.87

Standard ADLs

Standard ADLs

95.16

97.87

96.51

All but sporting ADLs

Sporting ADLs

100.00

1.82

13.48

UP-Fall

Own selection of features

SVM (linear kernel)

All (fair distribution)

All (fair distribution)

99.59

98.02

98.80

All but basic ADLs

Basic ADLs

100.00

100.00

100.00

Standard ADLs

Standard ADLs

98.77

95.93

97.34

All but sporting ADLs

Sporting ADLs

100.00

2.17

14.74