Table 2 Autophagic genes involved in invasion (colonization, proliferation, tumor formation, promotion, metastasis) VS our findings.

From: Mild hyperthermia induced by gold nanorods acts as a dual-edge blade in the fate of SH-SY5Y cells via autophagy

Gene expression changes	Cellular outcome	Effect(s)	Consequences on tumor fate	References	Our study findings
Gene expression changes	Cellular outcome	Effect(s)	Consequences on tumor fate	References	43 °C	48 °C
ATG5 and ATG7- RAS	Increased autophagy	Mitochondria activation	Tumor formation	^4,43	2.63	2.94
ATG5 and ATG7- RAS	Increased autophagy	Mitochondria activation	Tumor formation	^4,43	2.17	NSC
ATG16L1	Autophagy deficiency	Oxidative stress	Tumor suppression	^79,80	1346.5	1164.1
LC3-II degradation		Damaged mitochondria			1346.5	1164.1
LC3-II degradation		Inflammation induction (1β, IL-18)			2.05	4.58
Autophagy activation	p27Kip1 coaded by CDKN1B	CDK-dependent kinase inhibitor	Tumor promotion	⁸¹	423.14	134.83
Autophagy deactivation	ATG3/7/p62 targeting	Pfkfb3 normal expression	Tumor re-proliferation	⁸²	NSC	NSC
Autophagy deactivation	ATG3/7/p62 targeting	Pfkfb3 normal expression	Tumor re-proliferation	⁸²	2.17	NSC
STAT1 inhibition	p27 (CDKN1B), p21(CDKN1A) upregulation	Increase in IDO1 and Kyn receptors	Tumor dormancy	⁸³	423.1	134.8
		Rb hypophosphorylation	Increase in colony formation
		Suppress E2F transcription factor activity	Decrease in proliferation
AMBRA1	AMBRA1 role in the modulation of C-MYC phosphorylation and stability	Intracellular switch between autophagy and apoptosis	Colony formation	^84,85	NSC	2.05
ATG9B mutation	Autophagy suppression	Blocked recruitment of p62-associated ubiquitinated protein for autophagosome–lysosome degradation	Tumorigenesis	^64,86	2.44	4.07
GABARAPL1 down-regulation	Disruption of the intracellular transport of receptors and the autophagy pathway	Low GABARAPL1 expression was correlated with a high risk of metastasis	Metastasis	⁸⁷	2.04	NSC
ATG10 up-regulation	Acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5 and increased autophagy	Lymphovascular invasion	Metastasis	⁸⁸	2.27	5.05
RAB24 over-expression	Promote the EMT, adhesion and vasculogenic effects	Promotes the malignant phenotype	Tumor growth, metastasis, EMT activation	⁸⁸	2.76	2.23
ATG5 frameshift mutations	Features of cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI)	Common in gastric and colorectal carcinomas	Tumor development by autophagy deregulation	⁶⁴	2.63	2.94
CTSB	Dormancy hub gene	Strong biomarker for GBM patient’s survival	Tumor progression	⁸⁹	10.98	9.68
CTSB	Dormancy hub gene	Strong biomarker for GBM patient’s survival	Metastasis	⁸⁹	10.98	9.68
CXCR4 activation	Independent prognostic factor for disease relapse and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients	Increases autophagic activity and decreases	Survival	^67,90	NSC	3.64
		Increases autophagic activity and decreases	Colony formation
		Cytarabine-induced apoptosis	Proliferation
IGF-1 activation	Activated protein kinase B (AKT)	Inhibit autophagy	Induce apoptosis in drug resistant cells	^91,92	2.80	2.05
INS over-expression	Precursor of insulin	Insulin signaling and the regulation of autophagy are relevant to neurodegenerative disorders	Survival	⁹³	7.81	15.51
MAPK8	Integration point of proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development	Indispensable for TNF superfamily 10 (TNFSF)-induced autophagy	Tumor promotion	⁹⁴	2.96	NSC
MAPK8			Survival	⁹⁴	2.96	NSC
PIK3CG	Catalytic subunit of class I PI3Ks	Up-regulated under stress conditions	Cell remodeling and tissue failure	⁹⁵	9.42	71.92
MAPK14	Activation of MAPK14 impairs autophagosome–lysosome fusion	Phosphorylates ATG5 at threonine 75	Survival promoting autophagy	^96,97	2.05	2.23
			Cell proliferation
			Migration, Resistance to apoptosis
RPS6KB1	In response to mTOR	Autophagy inhibition	Promote protein synthesis	⁹⁸	NSC	2.08
			Cell growth
			Cell proliferation
DRAM2	Is a lysosomal protein	DRAM2 overexpression induced cell migration proteins including RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression	Metastasis	^99,100	2.05	NSC
			Proliferation
			Migration
			Cell cycle activation
LAMP1	LAMP1 is lysosomal marker	LAMP1 overexpression reversed the antitumor effects of UBL4A in pancreatic cancer	Cell proliferation	^101,102	3.64	3.08
			Migration
			Invasion
mTOR	Key regulator of protein synthesis via 4EBP1 and p70S6K1/2 phosphorylation	Increases the translational capacity of cancer cells	Autophagy inhibition	¹⁰³	6.04	6.48
			Dormancy
			Metastasis
RPLP0	Belongs to the L10P family of ribosomal proteins	Affected p21 expression	Cell promotion	^104,105	NSC	619.5
		Induction	Autophagy induction (Survival) in response to RPLP deficiency stress
		G1 arrest of gastric cancer cells
CTSS	Is a lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins	Cleaves some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins	Tumorigenesis stimulation	^106,107	11.35	NSC
CTSS		Cleaves some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins	Metastasis	^106,107	11.35	NSC
ESR1	Point mutations on ESR1 are drivers for resistance, and promote of ERα without the bound ligand	Ligand independently ER stimulation	Proliferation	^108,109	9.68	4.16
ESR1		Ligand independently ER stimulation	Long-distance metastasis	^108,109	9.68	4.16
Autophagy manipulation	eIF4E/eIF4GI knockdown	The decrease in ERα, SMAD5, NFkB, CyclinD1, c-MYC, and HIF1α	The decrease in EMT promoter	⁵⁹	1049.1	1904
			Increase in EMT inhibitors
			The decrease in migration capability

Significant values are in bold. NSC non significant change.

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Table 2 Autophagic genes involved in invasion (colonization, proliferation, tumor formation, promotion, metastasis) VS our findings.

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