Figure 1
From: Ecological changes have driven biotic exchanges across the Indian Ocean
Geologic reconstruction of the Indian Ocean's continents through the Mesozoic and part of the Cenozoic at 155 Ma (a), 140 (b), 110 (c), 90 Ma (d), 66 Ma (e), and 14 Ma (f). Laurasian landmasses are represented in red and Gondwanan landmasses in green. Areas in yellow are volcanic islands and in cyan are volcanic ridges (90E: Ninetyeast Ridge; CL: Chagos-Laccadive Ridge; MI: Mascarene Islands) and plateaus (KP: Kerguelen Plateau). The lightly coloured areas next to the continents represent continental shelves, which may or may not have been emergent depending on the timeframe. Dashed lines represent boundaries of continental break-ups; green arrows represent major break-up events; and the blue arrow represents the MIOJet. SS: Sula Spur. Redrawn from refs.1,5,8.
