Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics. ED emergency department, LogMAR logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, VAS visual analog scale. aDistant visual acuity measured using a pinhole occluder or the patient’s own spectacles and a C-chart at 6 m.
Nonirrigation group | Irrigation group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 27 | 52 | |
Age, mean ± SD, y | 44.8 ± 15.8 | 44.0 ± 13.7 | 0.82 |
Male, n (%) | 20 (74) | 43 (83) | 0.37 |
Right eye, n (%) | 12 (44) | 26 (50) | 0.64 |
Visual acuity, mean ± SDa, logMAR | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.27 |
Ocular pain score upon ED arrival, mean ± SD, VAS | 4.0 ± 2.8 | 4.4 ± 2.9 | 0.50 |
Self-reported features upon ED arrival, n (%) | |||
Injured at work | 15 (56) | 30 (58) | 0.86 |
Possibly metallic FB | 11 (41) | 20 (39) | 0.84 |
High speed FB when it hit the eye | 7 (26) | 8 (35) | 0.26 |
Presence of foreign body upon ophthalmologist examination, n (%) | |||
On the cornea | 13 (48) | 13 (25) | 0.04 |
In the conjunctival sac | 6 (26) | 17 (33) | 0.33 |
No foreign body found | 9 (33) | 24 (46) | 0.27 |
Corneal injury, mean ± SD | |||
Epithelial defect area, mm2 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 3.0 | 0.60 |
Linear abrasion area, mm2 | 0.9 ± 2.5 | 2.5 ± 9.5 | 0.76 |
Punctate abrasion score | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 2.6 ± 2.7 | 0.10 |
Conjunctival injury, mean ± SD | |||
Epithelial defect area, mm2 | 0.2 ± 1.2 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | 0.96 |
Linear abrasion area, mm2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.17 |
Punctate abrasion score | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 1.8 | 0.02 |
