Table 3 Significance of difference in heart rate before and after giving the injection for each type of procedure.

From: Comparison between the analgesic effectiveness and patients’ preference for virtual reality vs. topical anesthesia gel during the administration of local anesthesia in adult dental patients: a randomized clinical study

 

Paired differences

t*

Sig (2-tailed)

Mean

Std. deviation

Std. error mean

95% confidence interval of the difference

Lower

Upper

With VR

Heart rate before—heart rate after

1.80952

4.02019

0.87728

−0.02044

3.63949

2.063

0.052*

With TA

Heart rate before—heart rate after

1.42857

6.20138

1.35325

−1.39426

4.25141

1.056

0.304*

  1. *Calculated using the paired t test. Differences are not statistically significant.
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