Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with unintended and ambivalent pregnancy in the 2019 Antenatal HIV Sentinel Survey, South Africa (Reference group: Intended pregnancy).

From: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its association with HIV status among pregnant women in South Africa, a national antenatal survey, 2019

 

Prevalence of unintended pregnancy

Unintended pregnancy odds ratio (95% CI)

Ambivalent odds ratio (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Age among primigravida

15–19

79.0 (77.7–80.3)

8.5 (7.0–10.2)

6.9(5.7–8.4)

1.7 (1.4–2.2)

1.6 (1.2–2.0)

20–24

59.2 (57.8–60.6)

2.9 (2.4–3.5)

2.7(2.2–3.3)

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

25–29

42.2 (40.2–44.2)

1.4 (1.1–1.6)

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

30– 49

34.7 (31.3–38.2)

ref

ref

ref

Ref

Age among multigravida

15–19

59.0 (55.4–62.4)

2.1 (1.8–2.4)

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

1.6 (1.2–2.0)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

20–24

54.1(52.7–55.5)

1.6 (1.5–1.7)

1.3 (1.2–1.4)

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

25–29

46.3 (45.2 –47.4)

1.1 (1.1–1.2)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

30–49

43.9 (42.9–44.9)

ref

ref

ref

Ref

Gravidity among 15–19

Primigravida

79.0 (77.7–80.3)

2.9 (2.4–3.5_

2.3 (1.9–2.7)

1.7 (0.7–1.2)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

Multigravida

59.0 (55.4–62.4)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Gravidity among 20–24

Primigravida

59.2 (57.8–60.6)

1.3 (1.2–1.4)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.3 (1.4–2.2)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

Multigravida

54.1 (52.7–55.5)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Gravidity among 25–29

Primigravida

42.2 (40.2–44.2)

0.9 (0.8–0.9)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

Multigravida

46.3 (45.2–47.4)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Gravidity among 30–49

Primigravida

34.6 (31.3–38.2)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

1.2 (1.0–1.6)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

Multigravida

43.9 (42.9–44.9)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HIV status

Positive prior to pregnancy and in care (started ART prior to pregnancy)

51.5 (50.3–52.7)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

1.3 (1.2–1.3)

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

1.4 (1.3–1.5)

Positive prior to pregnancy not in care (started ART during pregnancy)

55.5 (52.9–56.2)

1.2 (1.1–1.3)

1.5 (1.2–1.8)

1.3 (1.2–1.7)

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

Newly diagnosed with HIV during ANC visit

54.6 (52.9–56.2)

1.1(1.0–1.1)

1.2 (1.1–1.3)

1.1(1.2–1.4)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

Positive (timing of diagnosis unknown)

46.0 (42.9–49.2)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

1.0 (0.9 –1.2)

1.5 (1.2–1.7)

1.5 (1.2 –1.8)

Negative

51.4 (50.6–52.2)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Relationship with the father of the child

Married

27.0 (26.0–28.1)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Co–habiting

41.4 (40.3–42.5)

2.1 (1.9–2.2)

1.9(1.8–2.1)

1.6 (1.4–1.7)

1.5 (1.4–1.7)

In a relationship, living apart

64.3 (63.4–65.2)

6.4 (6.0–6.8)

5.2(4.9–5.6)

3.1 (2.9–3.4)

2.9(2.6–3.1)

Single

76.0 (73.9 –78.0)

15.7(13.3–18.6)

12.9(10.7–15.4)

6.5 (5.2–8.1)

6.2(4.9–7.9)

Gestational age at first visit

First trimester

47.8 (46.9–48.8)

ref

ref

ref

ref

Second trimester

53.1 (52.2–53.9)

1.3 (1.2–1.3)

1.2(1.2–1.3)

1.1 (0.9–1.1)

1.0(1.0–1.1)

Third trimester

62.7 (60.6–64.8)

2.0 (1.8–2.2)

2.1(1.8–2.3)

1.2 (1.1–1.5)

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

  1. P value from Wald test for interaction term gravidity and age =  < 0.01; Weighted analysis. Missing data excluded. N = 30,194 observations (86.4% of data) included in multivariable analysis. The above model was adjusted for the woman’s education level.
Back to article page