Table 3 Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and heating value of hydrochars.
From: Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization
Sample | Elemental analysis (wt%, db) | Proximate analysis (wt%, db) | LHV (MJ/kg, db) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H | N | S | O | H/C | O/C | VM | Ash | FC | ||
180–1–0.15 | 49.25 | 6.53 | 1.47 | 0.15 | 39.36 | 1.59 | 0.60 | 70.41 | 3.25 | 26.45 | 18.03 |
180–4–0.05 | 51.97 | 7.60 | 2.18 | 0.09 | 34.96 | 1.75 | 0.50 | 69.52 | 3.20 | 27.29 | 18.95 |
180–4–0.25 | 50.24 | 7.02 | 2.07 | 0.23 | 36.21 | 1.68 | 0.54 | 68.94 | 3.24 | 27.63 | 18.21 |
180–7–0.15 | 53.50 | 7.27 | 2.13 | 0.21 | 33.54 | 1.63 | 0.47 | 67.37 | 3.36 | 29.28 | 20.05 |
220–1–0.05 | 55.11 | 7.58 | 2.13 | 0.11 | 31.32 | 1.65 | 0.43 | 67.18 | 3.75 | 29.08 | 19.88 |
220–1–0.25 | 55.03 | 6.46 | 1.53 | 0.04 | 33.43 | 1.41 | 0.46 | 65.08 | 3.51 | 31.42 | 19.87 |
220–4–0.15 | 60.30 | 6.32 | 1.81 | 0.19 | 26.99 | 1.26 | 0.34 | 61.11 | 4.39 | 34.50 | 21.16 |
220–4–0.15 | 59.12 | 6.44 | 1.87 | 0.14 | 28.91 | 1.31 | 0.37 | 60.55 | 3.53 | 35.93 | 21.17 |
220–4–0.15 | 59.55 | 6.38 | 1.83 | 0.20 | 28.65 | 1.29 | 0.36 | 61.30 | 3.40 | 35.31 | 21.34 |
220–7–0.05 | 60.96 | 7.53 | 2.75 | 0.21 | 23.61 | 1.48 | 0.29 | 56.81 | 4.95 | 38.25 | 22.44 |
220–7–0.25 | 60.53 | 7.29 | 2.45 | 0.12 | 25.82 | 1.45 | 0.32 | 59.92 | 3.79 | 36.30 | 21.71 |
260–1–0.15 | 66.61 | 6.60 | 2.15 | 0.31 | 20.56 | 1.19 | 0.23 | 57.25 | 3.77 | 38.98 | 23.36 |
260–4–0.05 | 65.65 | 7.75 | 3.06 | 0.22 | 16.88 | 1.42 | 0.19 | 53.04 | 5.44 | 41.52 | 24.47 |
260–4–0.25 | 69.01 | 6.82 | 2.28 | 0.12 | 18.11 | 1.19 | 0.20 | 53.99 | 3.66 | 42.36 | 23.73 |
260–7–0.15 | 69.18 | 6.66 | 2.32 | 0.19 | 17.30 | 1.15 | 0.19 | 53.04 | 4.36 | 42.39 | 24.84 |
