Table 1 Calibrated microproperties used in PFC2D to present the marine shale specimen.

From: Evaluation of the characterization of acoustic emission of brittle rocks from the experiment to numerical simulation

Particle parameters

Parallel bond parameters

Density (kg/m3)

3000

Bond effective modulus (GPa)

22

Effective modulus (GPa)

22

Bond stiffness ratio

1.5

Stiffness ratio

1.5

Tensile strength (MPa)

170

Friction coefficient

0.8

Cohesion (MPa)

150

Damping coefficient

0.7

Friction angle (°)

40

Smooth joint parameters

Normal stiffness (GPa/m)

10,000

Tensile strength (MPa)

30

Shear stiffness (GPa/m)

3700

Cohesion (MPa)

80

Friction coefficient

20

Joint friction angle (°)

40

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