Table 2 Bivariable logistic regression analysis for Leptospira spp. detection in Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus.

From: Survey of rodent-borne pathogens in Singapore reveals the circulation of Leptospira spp., Seoul hantavirus, and Rickettsia typhi

Explanatory variables

Odds Ratio

95% Conf. interval a

p-value

Landscape structure

Residential- public b

Ref

Army camps

0.19

0.08, 0.40

 < 0.001

Commercial sites

0.81

0.55, 1.20

0.3

Construction sites

0.10

0.03, 0.26

 < 0.001

Food establishments

0.47

0.28, 0.78

0.004

Industrial areas

1.17

0.65, 2.13

0.6

Parks

0.17

0.06, 0.41

 < 0.001

Residential- private

0.20

0.06, 0.52

0.003

Schools c

Shipyards

0.81

0.35, 1.80

0.6

Species

Rattus rattus b

Ref

Rattus norvegicus

7.06

4.20, 12.7

 < 0.001

Sex

Male b

Ref

Female

1.38

1.09, 1.76

0.008

Weight (g)

Rattus rattus

1.03

1.01, 1.05

 < 0.001

Rattus norvegicus

1.009

1.008, 1.011

 < 0.001

  1. Significant values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold.
  2. 95% Confidence Interval.
  3. Reference category.
  4. Omitted from the model because no Leptospira infection was detected at this site.