Figure 2
From: Quantum optical immunoassay: upconversion nanoparticle-based neutralizing assay for COVID-19

Affinity of UCPV and ACE-2 coated area. (A) Typical configuration of the coated area on the Nunc LabTek II 8-well dishes with bottom cover glass. The volume of the ACE-2 coating was (10 \(\upmu\)l). For the rest of the steps in all experiments, the whole well was filled (as described in methods and supplementary materials). (B) After polydopamine/ACE-2 coating and blocking, we incubated the plate with UCPV solution (10 \(\upmu\)g/ml). The image was taken from the edge of the coated area. The area coated with ACE-2 (a in B) shows a high fluorescence particle count, while the uncoated and BSA blocked area shows no particles at all (b in B). This shows a relatively very minimal nonspecific binding between the blocked cover glass and UCPVs.