Table 2 Demographic information and phenotype scores of participants.

From: Contributions of common genetic variants to specific languages and to when a language is learned

Variables

Mean (SD)

Range

Total N of cases

Gender(F/M)

696/244

 

940

Musical training (Y/N)

760/172

 

932

Nonverbal IQ

108.00

85–132

920

Family SES

37.00

1–66

877

L3 age (years old)

19.98

18–25

940

L1

4.94

3–7

640

L2

5.18

3–7

640

L3

− 0.031

− 3.16 to 5.00

857

L3 external motivation

0.016

− 2.61 to 2.89

929

L3 internal motivation

0.001

− 3.41 to 0.65

929

L3 attitude

0.020

− 4.94 to 2.33

926

L3 anxiety

− 0.002

− 3.05 to 1.98

926

  1. L1 and L2 proficiency were represented by the composite grades of the Chinese and English subjects in the HKDSE exam. Gender (F/M) = female/male. Music training (Y/N) = have/have not received at least 1 year of musical training.