Table 1 Demographic and farm activities characteristics.
Parameters | n (%) |
|---|---|
Age | |
18–35 years | 16 (27.58) |
36–59 years | 42 (72.42) |
Mean (± SD) = 49.2 (± 6.87), min–max = 24–59 years | |
Sex | |
Male | 29 (50.00) |
Female | 29 (50.00) |
Education level | |
Has not been to school | 2 (3.45) |
Elementary school | 1 (1.72) |
High school | 43 (74.14) |
College or university | 12 (20.69) |
Smoking status | |
No | 50 (86.21) |
Yes | 8 (13.79) |
Alcohol consumption | |
No | 43 (74.14) |
Yes | 15 (25.86) |
Type of pesticide | |
Insecticide (Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Carbofuran, Methomyl etc.) | 31 (53.46) |
Herbicide (Glyphosate, 2, 4-D, Paraquat, etc.) | 18 (31.03) |
Other (Metaldehyde, Zinc phosphide, Biochemicals etc.) | 9 (15.51) |
Type of sprayer | |
Manual backpack sprayer | 9 (15.51) |
Motorized backpack sprayer | 49 (84.49) |
Spraying duration | |
Less than or equal 2 h/time | 27 (46.55) |
More than 2 h/time | 31 (53.45) |
Mean (± SD) = 2.64 (± 1.12), min–max = 0.5–6.0 h | |
