Figure 2

The three-dimensional MDS plots for 17 populations (A–C) (stress = 0.0030) and the heat plot of standardized values of MDS with five dimensions (D). See population abbreviation in Table 1. Red, purple, green, blue and black indicate populations from southern Thailand, northern Thailand, northeastern Thailand, central Thailand and Malaysia, respectively. Circle, square and triangle indicate Austronesian, Tai-Kadai, Austroasiatic families, respectively.