Table 3 Self-reported lifestyle factors and 24 h blood pressure and heart rate monitoring data by risk categories.

From: Application of ensemble machine learning algorithms on lifestyle factors and wearables for cardiovascular risk prediction

Lifestyle factors

Total (n = 600)

Low risk (Agatston = 0) (n = 421)

High risk (Agatston >  = 100)

(n = 55)

Intermediate risk (Agatston 1–99)

(n = 124)

*P-values

Coffee (number of cups per day)

0.98 ± 1.02

0.98 ± 1.03

1.07 ± 1.03

0.93 ± 0.97

0.0000

Fruits (servings per day)

1.32 ± 0.86

1.3 ± 0.9

1.31 ± 0.6

1.38 ± 0.83

0.0000

Vegetables (servings per day)

1.93 ± 0.95

1.94 ± 0.99

1.87 ± 0.77

1.9 ± 0.9

0.0000

Sleep Hours

6.57 ± 1.03

6.55 ± 1.03

6.4 ± 0.87

6.71 ± 1.07

0.0000

Sleep quality

Bad

7 (1.17)%

7 (1.66)%

0 (0)%

0 (0)%

0.9993

Fairly bad

53 (8.83)%

32 (7.6)%

9 (16.36)%

12 (9.68)%

0.0000

Fairly good

397 (66.17)%

281 (66.75)%

33 (60)%

83 (66.94)%

0.1407

Very good

138 (23)%

98 (23.28)%

13 (23.64)%

27 (21.77)%

0.0002

Stress Level

4.46 ± 2.14

4.6 ± 2.15

4.47 ± 2

3.98 ± 2.12

0.0000

Lifestyle Active

5.55 ± 2.26

5.29 ± 2.28

6.25 ± 1.99

6.11 ± 2.13

0.0000

Traditional medicine, Therapies and Vitamins

268 (44.67)%

187 (44.42)%

30 (54.55)%

51 (41.13)%

0.5008

24 Hours blood pressure monitoring

Systolic BP single reading

128.1 ± 17.25

124.91 ± 16.43

137.8 ± 13.14

134.61 ± 18.22

0.0000

Diastolic BP single reading

78.19 ± 12.92

76.21 ± 12.82

84.09 ± 11.14

82.26 ± 12.31

0.0000

Average daily systolic BP

116.59 ± 13.27

113.99 ± 12.29

125.09 ± 11.94

121.63 ± 14.1

0.0000

Average daily diastolic BP

73.93 ± 8.72

72.3 ± 7.94

79.18 ± 8.59

77.14 ± 9.54

0.0000

Average daily mean aterial pressure (MAP)

88.09 ± 9.36

86.24 ± 8.52

93.96 ± 8.73

91.73 ± 10.23

0.0000

Average daily pulse pressure (PP)

42.57 ± 7.3

41.57 ± 7.09

46 ± 5.79

44.46 ± 7.83

0.0000

Average daily heart rate (HR)

71.47 ± 8.59

71.33 ± 8.71

73.51 ± 8.39

71.03 ± 8.19

0.0000

% time awake systolic BP ≥ 135

0.18 ± 0.25

0.14 ± 0.22

0.34 ± 0.27

0.27 ± 0.3

0.0000

% time awake diastolic BP ≥ 85

0.23 ± 0.26

0.19 ± 0.23

0.37 ± 0.3

0.32 ± 0.31

0.0000

% time nocturnal systolic BP ≥ 120

0.23 ± 0.29

0.19 ± 0.27

0.42 ± 0.34

0.3 ± 0.32

0.0000

% time nocturnal diastolic BP ≥ 70

0.42 ± 0.32

0.37 ± 0.31

0.61 ± 0.31

0.52 ± 0.33

0.0000

% time average daily systolic BP ≥ 120

0.4 ± 0.31

0.34 ± 0.29

0.62 ± 0.26

0.5 ± 0.31

0.0000

% time average daily diastolic BP ≥ 80

0.31 ± 0.27

0.27 ± 0.24

0.47 ± 0.28

0.4 ± 0.31

0.0000

Awake systolic BP ARV

9.04 ± 2.12

8.66 ± 1.88

10.32 ± 2.23

9.75 ± 2.42

0.0000

Nocturnal systolic BP ARV

8.97 ± 3.11

8.77 ± 3.16

9.61 ± 3.28

9.35 ± 2.79

0.0000

Awake diastolic BP ARV

43.39 ± 7.48

42.32 ± 7.15

47.04 ± 5.96

45.43 ± 8.25

0.0000

Nocturnal diastolic BP ARV

40.92 ± 7.16

40.25 ± 6.98

43.43 ± 6.97

42.06 ± 7.51

0.0000

Average daily systolic BP ARV

8.87 ± 1.93

8.53 ± 1.78

10.03 ± 1.94

9.49 ± 2.09

0.0000

Average daily diastolic BP ARV

42.64 ± 7.14

41.67 ± 6.88

45.98 ± 5.79

44.46 ± 7.76

0.0000

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