Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Origin of nonlinear force distributions in a composite system

Figure 3The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

(a) Displacement in the x axis direction \(u_{x}\) and (b) displacement in the y axis direction \(u_y\) at \(n_{y} = 12\). (c) The normal force \(F_N\) on the bottom surface. (d) The ratio of the normal stress at G\(_h\) region to that at G\(_s\) region \(\alpha \). The dotted line in (d) corresponds to the theoretical prediction using the continuum approximation. \(\alpha \) is much less than the theoretical prediction. This deviation comes from the density change of G\(_h\) region.

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